Use the following information to answer the question.
The herpes viruses are important enveloped DNA viruses that cause disease in vertebrates and in some invertebrates such as oysters. Some of the human forms are herpes simplex virus [HSV] types I and II, causing facial and genital lesions, and the varicella zoster virus [VSV], causing chicken pox and shingles. Each of these three actively infects nervous tissue. Primary infections are fairly mild, but the virus is not then cleared from the host; rather, viral genomes are maintained in cells in a latent phase. The virus can later reactivate, replicate again, and infect others.
If scientists are trying to use what they know about the herpes simplex virus to devise a means of protecting other people from being infected, which of the following treatments would have the best chance of lowering the number of new cases of infection?
16] Use the following information to answer the question.
The herpesviruses are important enveloped DNA viruses that cause disease in vertebrates and in some invertebrates such as oysters. Some of the human forms are herpes simplex virus [HSV] types I and II, causing facial and genital lesions, and the varicella zoster virus [VSV], causing chicken pox and shingles. Each of these three actively infects nervous tissue. Primary infections are fairly mild, but the virus is not then cleared from the host; rather, viral genomes are maintained in cells in a latent phase. The virus can later reactivate, replicate again, and infect others.
In electron micrographs of HSV infection, it can be seen that the intact virus initially reacts with cell-surface proteoglycans, then with specific receptors. This is later followed by viral capsids docking with nuclear pores. Afterward, the capsids go from being full to being "empty." Which of
the following statements best fits these observations?
A] Viral capsids are needed for the cell to become infected; only the capsids enter the nucleus.
B] The viral envelope is not required for infectivity, since the envelope does not enter the nucleus.
C] Only the genetic material of the virus is involved in the cell's infectivity, and is injected like the genome of a phage.
D] The viral envelope mediates entry into the cell, the capsid mediates entry into the nuclear membrane,
and the genome is all that enters the nucleus.
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Which of the following descriptions correctly identifies the main structural differences between viruses with envelopes and viruses without envelopes?
Both types of viruses have a capsid and phospholipid membrane; but in the viruses without envelopes, the genetic material is between these two membranes, while in the viruses with envelopes the genetic material is inside both membranes.
Viruses with envelopes have their genetic material enclosed by a layer made only of protein.
Viruses with envelopes have a phospholipid membrane outside their capsid, whereas viruses without envelopes do not have a phospholipid membrane.
Viruses without envelopes have only a phospholipid membrane, while viruses with envelopes have two membranes, the other one being a protein capsid.
You isolate an infectious substance that is capable of causing disease in plants, but you do not know whether the infectious agent is a bacterium, virus, viroid, or prion. You have four methods at your disposal that you can use to analyze the substance in order to determine the nature of the infectious agent.
I. treating the substance with nucleases that destroy all nucleic acids and then determining whether it is still infectious
II. filtering the substance to remove all elements smaller than what can be easily seen under a light microscope
III. culturing the substance by itself on nutritive medium, away from any plant cells
IV. treating the sample with proteases that digest all proteins and then determining whether it is still infectious
If you already knew that the infectious agent was either bacterial or viral, which treatment would allow you to distinguish between these two possibilities?