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incise or dentate ; terminal 3-lobed. Stem Fr. with scattered hairs. p. 7, 8. Cultivated scored, somewhat angular. p. 7, 8. Shady on a large scale in Thuringia and Alsace. kills. B. rubra. Fl. pink.
290. APIUM. 7. orientalis. Lts. pinnatifid.
1. graveolens. Acumen of Pet. closely 8. dissecta. Lts. of upper L. bipinnatifid. involute. L. pinnate: uppermost ternate, with
cuneiform leaflets. Lts. incise and dentate at 2. Saxifraga. L. pinnate. Lts. of rootL. roundish, incise or dentate; of upper in
top. b. 8, 9. Salt marshes. various linear segments. Stem finely striate,
291. CARUM. terete ; upper part nearly naked. Fl.-stalks hairless. p. 7, 8. Dry.
1. Carui. L. bipinnate. Lowermost Lts. B. hircina. Somewhat downy. Lts. nearly decussate, all multifid. Uppermost L. opposite : all pinnatifid or laciniate.
one sessile, the other on a dilated stalk. Ing. alpina. Lts. of lower L. deeply pal
volucels 0. p. 5, 6. Grassy. Inato-dentate.
292. ÆGOPODIUM. 3. nigra. L. pinnate. Lts. of lower L. ovate, obtuse, lobed, and dentate. Stem finely 1. Podagraria. Root-L. twice ternate. striate; upper part nearly naked. Fl.-stalks
p. 5, 6. Rich, densely downy. Root becomes blue when cut. p. 7, 8. Dry hills.
293. TRINIA. 4. lutea. L. pinnate, downy. Lts. of
1. Kitaibelii. Partial bracts 4-5. Ribs lower L. rounded, obliquely cordate, dentate;
of Fr. obtuse. b. 6. s. Moravia. I have a the terminal somewhat 3-lobed. Fl. yellow. Stem dichotomously panicled. Upper L. at
specimen which I believe is from Uphill, So
mersetshire. Probably a var. of T. vulgaris. branchings linear. p. 6, 7. Open volcanic hills. Isl. of Pantellaria and Cosyra.
2. vulgaris. Partial bracts 1 or 0. Ribs
of Fr. obtuse. b. 5, 6. Open dorons. 5. anisoides. Root-L. bipinnate. Lts. subrotundo-ovate, serrate [cuneato-ovate, pin
B. Dalechampii. Dwarf. Lobes of the L. natifido-dentate, BERT.]. Sheaths of upper
linear. Umbels crowded, many-flowered. L. leatless. Umbels numerous.
Rays 5–7.
K. Naples.
Fr. ovoid. Styles of Fr. long, divaricate. p. 7.
Hills. Calabria, w. Lucania. Pesto? 6. Gussonii. “Stem paniculato-dicho.
Tribe V. SESELINE. tomous. Sheaths on the stem nearly leafless.
294. ENANTHE. Root-L. bipinnate. Lts. cuneato-ovate, pinnatifido-dentate, obtuse. Fr. roundish, hairy. Styles of Fr. recurved. p. 7,8. Grassy hills.
A. Root fascicled, more or less tuberous.
Kernel of fruit imbedded in a corky mass. Coast of Sic.”—BERT.
1. fistulosa. Stem-L. pinnate. Stalk fisB. Fruit hairy. Root perennial or biennial.
tulose, longer than L. p. 7, 8. Water. 7. Tragium. Root-L. pinnate.
Lts.
a. Root-L. bipinnate. Lts. lobed, cuneate. obovate, inciso-serrate. Stem-L. very few.
B. Tabernemontani. Root-L. bipinnate. Pet. hairy. Fr. tomentose. p. 6, 7. Dry
Lts. multifid. Divisions linear. p. Wet. rocky. S. Eur.
Alsace. Palat. 8. peregrina. Root-L. pinnate. Lts. cordate, serrate; terminal generally 3-lobed.
2. globulosa. Roots club-shaped. Lower Stem-L. parrower. Fr. hispid. b. 6, 7. Dry
L. bipinnate, segments lanceolate ; upper rocky. 9. Eur.
pinnate, segments linear. Umbel of fruit
rarely of more than 2 rays. Fr. 6-12, sesC. Fruit dorony. Root annual. sile, globoso-turbinate, contracted at top, very
large. p. 5. Ostia. Civ. Vecch. Cors. Sard. 9. Anisum, Root-L. cordato-subrotund, lobed, inciso-serrate; middle pinnatifid; upper
Sicily. most trifid. Segments linear. Margin entire. 3. densa, J. W. Roots club-shaped. Lower
Page 3
13. involucratum. “Stem furrowed, branched. Segments of L. linear, cuspidate, rough on the margin. General bracts incise ; partial lanceolate, with a white inembranous margin. Embels somewhat proliferous. Rays rough on inner side. p. Mountains. Fenestrelle in Pdm.”—DC.
14. rablense. Stem furrowed, somewhat branched. Segments of L. narrow linear, acuminate. Margin smooth. Bracts lineari-subulate, qnite entire. Rays of umbel rough on inner side. p.7, 8. Rocky. Valley of Raibel in Carinthia. On the Wochein in Carniola. Monte Bormio and Monte Generoso in the Alps.
320. HERACLEUM. A. Internal face of Seed with two distinct
stripes. 1. longifolium.“ L. rough, pinnate or pinnatifid. Divisions lobed or palmato-partite. Lobes long, inciso-crenate. Bracts lineari-setaceous. Fr. cuneiform, hairless even when young. Fl. slightly radiant, white. p. Mountain meadows. Austria."-DC. Not admitted by Koch.
2. sibiricum. “L. scabro-hirsute, pinnate or pinnatipartite. Divisions lobed or palmatopartite, serrate. Germen nearly smooth. Fr. broadly oval, emarginate. Fl. nearly all similar, yellowish. b. 6-9. Alps and Sudetes." -Koch.
3. cordatum. “L. quinato-pinnate and ternate, hairy. Lts. broad ovate, palmate, acuminate, dentate. Germen villous. Ripe Fr. hairless. Fl. slightly radiant, greenish white. Pet. externally villous at base. p. 6, 7. Nebrodes and Busambra in Sic."-BERT.
4. Sphondylium. “L. scabro-hirsute, pinnate or pinnatipartite. Divisions lobed or palmato-partite. Germen downy. Ripe Fr. hairless, oval, emarginate. Fl. radiant, white or pinkish, sometimes greenish. b. 6-9. Meadows and moist woods."-Koch.
5. elegans. “L. qninato-pinnate and ternate, rough. Lts. pinnatifid. Segments lanceolate, acuminate, remotely serrate and incise. Germen villous. Fl. very radiant, white. p. 7,8. Mont Cenis."-BERT. Var. of Sphondylium, according to Koch.
6. Panacis. “L. ternate, downy and white beneath. Lts. subrotundo-ovate, palmate, closely serrate and incise. Fr. always smooth. Vittæ descending below middle of furrows. Fl. very radiant, white. p. 6–8. Mountains. It.”—
BERT. Kuch says the Italian plant is his II. asperum, but the descriptions do not agree.
7. asperum. ‘L. simple, somewhat palmate. Segments acuminate or cuspidate, unequally dentato-serrate. Stem-L. sometimes ternate. Germen rough. Ripe Fr. oval, emarginate, hairless. Fl. radiant, white. b. 7, 8. Subalpine woods by the side of torrents. Jura. e. Alps."-Koch.
8. pyrenaicum. “L. very broad, hoary beneath, palmate. L. lanceolate, dentate or ternate. Bracts few. Germen covered with long hairs. Ripe Fr. nearly round, hairless. p. 6, 7. Rocky meadows. Pyr. Tyrol. It. Alps.”—DC. [Fl. very radiant, BERT.] Not in G., Koch. Not in Italy, BERT.
9. pollinianum. “Stem hairy. L. simple, cordato-subrotund, palmate, hairless above pubescent beneath. Lobes broad ovate, sharply dentate. Germen covered with short hairs. Fr. hairless. Stripes of the external furrows reaching about two-thirds, of the internal face half down the fruit. Fl. slightly radiant, white. p. 7, 8. Tamburra. Monte Baldo." -Bert.
10. Orsini. “Stem muricate. L. simple, acutely palmate, crenate or slightly dentate, hairy on veins beneath. All the stripes of the Fr. about half its length. Fl. slightly radiant, yellowish. p. 7,8. Abruzzi.”— Bert. B. Inner face of Seed without distinct stripes,
or only very short ones. 11. alpinum. L. simple, cordato-subrotund, palmate. Lobes blunt or with acumen, crenate or somewhat incise. Partial bracts setaceous. Fr. roundish obovate. p. 7, 8. Pyr. W. Alps. Jura.
12. austriacum. L. pinnate. Lts. sessile : those of root-L. ovate, obtuse ; of stemL. lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat lobed at the base; terminal trifid. Fr. oval, smooth. Germen downy. p. 7, 8. e. Alps.
13. minimum. L. bipinnate, nearly all from root. Lts. lineari-lanceolate, somewhat incise. Partial bracts 0. p. Alps of Dau. Mont Ventous. very rare.
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2. latifolium. Stem slightly striped, branous margin. Rays 20-30, rough inside. p. hairless. L. ternato-bipinnate. Lts. cordate, 7, 8. Mountain thickets. Alps. Apenn. In serrate, undivided, or the terminal 3-lobed. my specimens the L. are ternate, tripinnate, Involucre reflexed, of many entire L. Rays or twice ternate, bipinnate. somewhat rough. p. 7, 8. Hill thickets.
9. peucedanoides. L. ternato-2-3-pinS. and m. Eur.
nate, quite smooth. Lts. lineari-lanceolate B. asperum. L.-stalk and under side of L.
or linear, undivided. Primary veins parallel to hirsute.
margin. Bracts setaceous. Rays 5-10. 3. marginatum. Stem striate, smooth. 6, 7. Mountain woods. e. Alps. L. ternato-bipinnate or twice ternate. Lts.
10. prutenicum. Stem furrowed, hispid ovate or cordate, unequal, crenato-serrate, en- at base. L. bipinnate. Lts. pinnatifid. Seg. tire or 2-3-cleft. Bracts sometimes wanting.
ments lanceolate, rough on margin. Bracts Rays rough inside. Fl. yellow with purple lanceolate, with membranous margin. Rays border; primary ridges of Fr. hispid ! p. 7, 8. rongh inside. Primary ridges of Fr. hispid! Mountain thickets. On the Krimm at Lay.
p. 7, 8. Moist shade. n. e. Fr. G. n. It. bach. Moute Maggiore, Istr.
C. Lts. linear or oblong. 4. Gaudinii. Stem striped, smooth. L. ternato-bipinnate or twice ternate.
Lts. cor
ll. nitidum. Stem furrowed, hirsute. date, unequal, crenato-serrate, entire or 2-3
L. bipinnate. Nerves underneath, Stalks, and cleft. Bracts sometimes wanting. Rays smooth.
Stem setoso-pilose. Sheaths smooth. Lts. Pet. subrotundo-obcordate, yellow with a pur
oblong, pinnatifid, acutely serrate, hispid beple boriler! p. 8, 9. Hinter Rhein. 6. Ty
neath. Bracts lanceolate, trifid and incise at rol. Monte Generoso. n. e. Alps of It.
top. Margin membranons. b. p. 7,8. Moun
tain rocks. s. Tyr. Valtel. Brescia. Lecco. 5. alpinum. “ Stem terete, striped, smooth. L. ternato-bipinnate or twice ternate.
12. hirsutum. Stem striped, smooth. L. Lts. ovate, unequal, serrate, entire or 2-3-cleft. hairy, supradecompound. Lts. pinnatifidoI'mbel fastigiate. Rays smooth. Pet. broadly
multifid. Segments linear. Margin entire. obcordate, with a short claw, white. p. 7, 8.
Bracts with a membranous, ciliate margin. p. Woods and thickets. Lower Carniola.”. 7, 8, High valleys. S. Alps. Koch. Seems to differ from L. Gaudinii only 13. cynapiifolium. “ Smooth. Stem in colour of flowers.
striped, hollow. L. supradecompound. Lts. 6. garganicum. “Glaucous, smooth. L. pinnatifid. Segments linear, mucronate. coriaceous : lower tripinnate ; Lts. broad
Sheaths broad. Bracts with a membranous, ovate ; lateral obliquely cordate : upper bipin
finely ciliolate margin. Fr. ovate.
p. 6, 7. nate or ternate ; Lts. subrotund. Bracts
Vezzarone, Cors.”- BERT. ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, with broad mem
D. Lts. cuneate. branous margin. Fr. oblong, narrowed at each end. p. 5. Coppa di Mezzo in Gargano."
14. gallicum. Stem striped, solid. Branches --BERT.
spreading. L. tripinnate. Lts. cuneiform, pin
natitid. Divisions somewhat lobed, cach lobe 7. siculum. “Glaucous. L. somewhat tri
ending in 3-5 teeth. Bracts reflexed. Fr. pinnate. Lts. subrotundo-ovate, mucronate, truncate at each end. p. 7, 8. Dau. Prov. entire and trifid. Bracts lanceolate, acumi- marit. Alps. Apenn. nate, with broad membranous margin. Styles recurved, equal to stylopode. p. 6. Calc. hills.” Madonie.- Bert. This and the preceding are compared by Bert. to L. Siler, and, like it, hare
Tribe X. DAUCINE E. a rough or finely serrulate, cartilaginous mar
330. DAUCUS. gin to L. B. Its. or Segments lanceolate or elliptic.
I copy this genus from Bertoloni, who
seems to have all the species which occur 8. Siler. L. smooth, tripinnate. Lts. within my limits : at the same time I must lanceolate or elliptic, entire, but with a rough confess my utter inability to identify his plants, or finely serrulate, cartilaginous margin ; the or to form any arrangement by which such an terminal frequently confluent. Primary veins endeavour may be facilitated : such as oblique. Bracts lineari-lanceolate, with mem- however, it is the best account of the European
Page 5
B. Stalks axillary, 2-flowered. L. never
connate. 5. canescens. Climbing, hoary. Berries distinct. L. stalked, cordato-ovate, evergreen. S. 5-9. Shade. In the park at Palermo.
6. pyrenaica. Erect, smooth. Berries distinct. L. obovato-lanceolate. Fl. nearly regular. Bracts elliptico-lanceolate, far exceeding fruit. S. Summer. Calc, mountains. Pyr. Pdm. Ravenola.
7. Xylosteum. Erect, pubescent. Berries hardly united at base. L. ovate, acute, very entire. Fl. equalling stalks. Bracts hardly equalling fruit. S. 7. Hedges and thickets. s. and m. Eur.
8. nigra. Erect. Berries laterally adhering. L. oblongo-elliptic, downy when young.
Stalks many times longer than flowers. Bracts subulate, falling short of calyy. S. 5, 6. Mountain woods. Alps. Sud. Vosges. n. Apen. 9. alpigena. Erect. Berries united into
L. ovali-lanceolate, acuminate, on short stalks. Stalks many times longer than flowers. S.S. 5, 6. Mountains.
Alps, &c. 10. cærulea. Erect. Berries united into one. Styles undivided. L. oval [elliptico-oblong, Koch]. Stalks shorter than flowers. S. 4, 5. Mountains. Alps. Vosges. Auv.
1. borealis. Stems trailing. L. broadly ovate, stalked.
p. 5, 6. Mossy pine-woods. Sc. n. G. Tyr. Vallais. Valt. Pdm.
Calyx superior. Corolla of 1 regular petal. Stamens alternate with segments of corolla. Style 1. Fruit twinned. Cells 2, each with an erect seed. 366. PUTORIA.
ii. L. in fours, rarely 6 in some of the whorls ;
upper nearly linear. 1. calabrica. Stem shrubby, branched, a. Tuco L. of upper whorl much smaller, or pubescent. L. stalked, oblong. Stipule on
wanting. each side solitary. w. 5-7. Calc. rocks. Sic.
4. tinctoria. Somewhat erect. Root long,
creeping, reddish. Fl. generally 3-cleft. Bor367. SHERARDIA.
der equal to tube. Fr, smooth. p. 6, 7. 1. arvensis. L. verticillate. Fl. terminal. Sandy. m. and s. Eur. occ. a. 4, 5. Fields..
5. cynanchica. L. smooth, margin some
what rough : lowermost somewhat ovate. 368. ASPERULA.
Bracts ovate or lanceolate, acuminate. Corymbs A. Annual. Upper whorls of more L. than
all terminal. Corolla rough, 4-cleft. Tube lower.
about equal to border. Fr. tubercled. p. 6, 7.
Open hills. Not in Sic. 1. arvensis. Fr. smooth. Lowermost L. obovate, 4-5 in a whorl; upper linear, 6-10.
B. aristata. L. flat ; upper about 3, very unFl. sessile, in terminal clusters, shorter than equal. K. Nap. involucre. a. 5, 6. Pields. m. and s. Eur.
y. nitens. L. 4, awned, smooth and shining,
exceeding interknots. Abr. B. Perennial. Corolla funnel-shaped.
6. canescens. “L. linear, mucronate. i. L. in fours, ovate or elliptic.
Stems ascending. Corymbules lateral, nearly 2. taurina. L. 3-nerved. Heads axillary, sessile, and terminal. Bracts lanceolato-sustalked. Bracts ciliate. Tube of Corolla very bulate, mucronate. Corolla rough or hairy. long. Fr. somewhat rough. p. 5,6. Shady Fl. purplish. Tube much longer than border. hills. S. Eur.
Fr. obsoletely tubercled, sometimes hairy. p. 9.
Stony. I. of Losino in Istria."-Koch. 3. lævigata. Ascending, hairless. L. 1. nerved, fincly rough on margin. Cymes on 7. longiflora. “L. linear. Stems numeaxillary stalks. Tube not longer than border. rous, diffuse. Bracts lanceolato-subulate, cusFr. smooth. p. 6. Woods. s. Fr. ? It. pidate. Corolla smooth. Tube much longer
Page 6
ovato-lanceolate, rigid, mucronate, with thick- straight cusp to the divisions of corolla, kas ened margin. Outer bracts larger ; inner com- been found in Fr. or It. pressed, keeled: all ciliate. w. 5. Sandy shores. mdt. Fr. w. I. Sic. Cors.
372. RUBIA.
A. Annual. Veins of L. prominent beneath, 3. rupestris. Woody, much branched, ascending. L. in fours, small, lanceolate, mu
1. tinctorum. L. 4-6, lanceolate. Divi
sions of Corolla with an acute callus. p. 6, cronate, with a thickened margin. Bracts equal, lanceolate: outer not ciliate ; inner con
7. Escapes. s. Eur. w. 5, 6. Calc. marit. rocks. B. Perennial. Veins of L. not prominent Lopadusa, Malta.
beneath. 4. suffulta. F1. 4-5-cleft, with long cusps,
2. longifolia. “ Herbaceous. L. 46, li
neari-lanceolate, acuminate, smooth above, in an oblong 4-rowed spike. L. in fours or fives; margin closely revolute : upper whorl
prickly on margin and on nerve beneath.
Angles of stem prickly. Flower-stalks triclose to spike. Bracts separate, denticulate : inner smaller.
chotomous. Divisions of Corolla acuminate, a. 7. Dry fields. Le Puy. -J. W.
not abruptly cuspidate. p. 7. Cors.”—DC. 5. angustifolia. F1. 4-cleft, in a linear
3. peregrina. L. 4-6, elliptic or lanceo
late. Divisions of Corolla cuspidate. p. 6, 7. 4-rowed spike. L. in sixes, rough. Margin revolute. Bracts nearly or quite sessile, nearly
Thickets. The L. vary from broad elliptie to
narrow lanceolate; I have even specimens equal, smooth on margin. a. 6, 7. Dry from Rome with obovate L. ; and it is prostony. Coasts of Mdt.
bable that longifolia and lucida are only varie6. monspeliaca. Fl. 4-cleft, in a very ties of this. long, linear spike. Lower L. in fours, obovate; B. Bocconi. L. in fours, ovate, shining upper in about sixes, lineari-lanceolate. Bracts
above. united for nearly half their length, ciliate. a.
4. lucida. 6. Dry. mdt. Fr. w. It. Sic.
A span long. L. small, obo
vate, mucronulate. Bracts very small. DiviIt does not appear that the C. latifolia, Linn., sions of Corolla lanceolate, acuminato-aristate. with all L. in fours, and only a very short p. 4, 5. Cors."-BERT.
Calyx superior, sometimes nearly wanting, sometimes of simple teeth, sometimes involute and at last expandiug into a feathery crest. Corolla of one petal, on the germen. Stamens 1 to 4, inserted on tube of corolla. Capsule with one productive cell and one pendulous seed. 373. FEDIA.
ii. No corky mass. Two barren cells. A. Flowers ringent.
2. Barren cells nearly or quite separate.
* Fruit without a distinct crown. 1. Cornucopiæ, Upper L. sessile. Fl.
4. turgida. Fr. spherical, with a sector in dichotomous heads. Fruit-stalks thickening cut out. Crown 0. Fl. in heads. a. 5. Urupwards. a. Springs, sandy. Nap. Sic.
cult. Rome. B. Flowers nearly regular.
5. carinata. Fr. oblong, boat-shaped, with i. Fruit with a corky mass at the back ! a simple blunt crown. Fl. in heads. a. 3, 4.
Cult. 2. olitoria. Fr. compressed, oblong: barren cells without a furrow: the Dissepiment
** Crown a spreading membranous border imperfect. Bracts leafy, dentato-ciliate.
with hooked teeth. Upper L. often pin4-6. Cult.
natifid at base. 3. gibbosa. Fr. gibbous [plano-convex]: 6. hamata. Crown cyathiform, hairless barren cells each with furrow at the back : within, ending in 6, usually entire segments. Dissepiment complete. Bracts quite entire. Sinuses obtuse a. 5-7. Cult. m. and s. a. 4, 5. Mountain pastures. Sic.
Eur. [coronata of Koch.]
Page 7
of Invol. broadly ovate and very obtuse.
379. PTEROCEPHALUS. Pales [very silky, DC.] obtuse, with a short Cor. nearly regular. a. 6–8. Fields.
1. palæstinus. Silky. Outer Cal. with Calabria.
a membranous, cup-like crown ; inner with
8-10 feathers. Lower L. quite entire; others 3. syriaca. Outer Cal. with 4 awned, and
lyrato-pinnate. a. 4, 5. Stony hills. Luc. 4 very short teeth.
L. oblongo-lanceolate, and Cal. rare. serrate. Pales with broad inembranous use
B. calabricus. All L. undivided. and long awn. Fl. regular, pale blue. a. 6, 7. Corn. Nismes.
2. plumosus. Pubescent. Crown of onter
Cal. obsolete; of inner of about twelve long 4. alpina. Outer Cal. with 8, awned, nearly
feathers. Lower L. undivided, serrate; middle equal teeth. L. pinnate. Lts. decurved, lanceolate, unequally serrate. Anthers with green
lyrate; upper pinnatifid. a. Florence. stripe. p. 7. Mountains. Alps. Apenn. of
380. SCABIOSA. Pistoja.
A. Corolla 5-cleft. 5. centaurioides. Teeth of outer Cal.
i. Furrows of outer Calyx not continued 4-8, sometimes obsolete. L. pinnatifid. Divi
to the base. sions decurrent, oblong, quite entire. Inner Pales acuminate. Fl. yellow. p. 6. Alps of
a. Setæ of inner Calyx pectinato-ciliate. Provence.
b. Setæ not ciliate. 6. leucantha. Outer Cal. with a manytoothed, membranous crown. L. pinnatipar
Stem shrubby at base. Sp. 2–5. tite. Divisions linear or oblong. Pales silky:
** Root annual or biennial. Sp. 6-11. the inner acute. p. 7, 8. Uncult. adr. G. ii. Outer Calyx furrowed to base. It. s. Fr.
a. Crown inflexed. Sp. 12–14. 378. KNAUTIA.
b. Crown spreading, undivided.
* Stem-L. pinnatifid. Sp. 15–23. 1. hybrida. Inner Cal. with about 16 blunt teeth ; outer with many distinct cusps.
** Stem-L. undivided. Sp. 24. Lower L. pinnatifid, lyrate, or undivided. a. c. Crown 4-lobed. Sp. 25. 6, 7. Waste. Mdt.
B. Corolla 4-cleft. L. undivided. Sp. 26, 27. 2. sylvatica. Inner Cal. with about 8
A. Corolla 5-cleft. awned teeth; outer with many distinct callous i. Pits of Calyx not extending to the base. cusps. L. lanceolate or elliptico-lanceolate,
a. Seta of inner Calyx pectinato-ciliate. usually entire. p. 7, 8. Woody hills.
1. multiseta. Lower L. obovate or lyrate; a. sylvatica, Koch. Upper part of Stem covered with short hairs, without glands,
upper pinnatifid. Margin entire. Cor. radi
ate. a. 5-7. Grassy. Istria. and long hairs intermixed. m. and s. Europe.
b. Sete of inner Calyx not ciliate. B. longifolia, Koch. Upper part of Stem
* Stem shrubby at base. covered with short glandular hairs and 2. cretica. L. lanceolate, hoary, quite enlong hairs intermixed. e. Alps.
tire. Crown obliquely truncate. Inner Cal.
sessile, included. Fl. radiant. w. 5-7. Calc. 3. arvensis. Inner Cal. with about 8
rocks. Cal. Sic. awned teeth; outer with a few obscure blunt teeth. p. 7, 8.
3. graminifolia. L. linear, silky, quite
entire. Inner Cal. stalked. Setæ 5, equal to B. campestris, Bess. Cor'
. not radiant.
crown. Fl. radiant. p. w. 7. 8. Rocky. Alps. y rigidiuscula, Koch. Stem-L. pinnatifid, Mountains of Carrara. smooth and shining; the first root-L. and
4. limoniifolia. Stems of the year nearly upper stem-L. undivided.
naked. L. obovato-spatulate, quite entire, to8. collina, Duby. L. all pinnate. Stem
mentose beneath. Fl. nearly similar. Pits of nearly naked. Prov.
Cal. small. Crown denticulate. Setæ of inner €, integrifolia, Linn. L. undivided. Can- Cal. very exsert. w. 6, 7. Calc. rocks. Monte tal.
Cofani near Trapani.
Page 8
B. muricatum. Stem muricate. Some of L. Phyll. long lanceolate. Seeds striate, smooth. undivided. s. Fr.
p. Sandy hills.
S. and e. Fr. Sw. n. Italy.” 7. subulatum. L. lineari-subulate. s. Fr.
-DC.
B. All L. linear, quite entire.
6. aristata. Root cylindrical, nearly naked 6. callosum. Stems numerous, naked at
at crown. Stem naked, l-flowered. L. linearitop, 1-flowered. L. flat, nerved, callous at the
lanceolate, very long, 3-5-nerved, quite entire,
webby at the base. Cal. ovate. External Phyll. tip. Phyll. acuminate, skinny on margin:
lineari-subulate on an ovato-lanceolate base, the outer somewhat woolly at the back; the
often as long as inner. Seeds transversely pliinner smooth. Seeds sinooth. p. Dry calc.
cato-tuberculate. p.7. Mountain meadows. pastures. Arcidano and Oliastra in Sard.
Pyr. Carinthia. Carn. 7. Columnæ. Stems numerous, naked at
7. tenuifolia. “ Crown naked. Root-L. top, 1-flowered. L. linear, carinate, somewhat woolly. Phyll. acuininate, smooth. Seeds mu
narrow linear, quite entire. Stem with very ricate, attenuate. p. 5, 6. Dry calc. hills.
few L. and 1 flower. Cal. ovato-oblong. Ex
ternal Phyll. acuminate; inner acute. Seeds Cal. Sic. Sard. According to Guss., this has not the seeds of Podospermum.
muricate on angles. p. Mountain meadows.
Monte Bego and Bussolino in Pdm.”—DC. 406. SCORZONERA.
8. hispanica. Root cylindrical. Coma
scaly. Stem branched, leafy, somewhat woolly. A. Seeds hairless.
Root-L. oblong or lanceolate, acuminate, undui. Flowers purple.
late or somewhat denticulate. Phyll. all acute.
Marginal Seeds muriculate. p. 6,7. [Rich 1. deliciosa. “Root tuberous, oblong.
meadows. Ger.- Koch.] Stem simple, or branched quite at the base. Fl. solitary. L. flat, linear, acuminate, mealy
B. glastifolia. L. ovali-lanceolate, amplexiand somewhat cottony at the base. Phyli. caul, flat. quite smooth : the external elliptico-lanceolate, 7. montana. Stalk and L. woolly. somewhat acute, adpressed. p. Mountain pas
9. humilis. Root with a scaly [fibrous, tures. Near Palermo. Certainly different from
DC.] coma. Root-L. oblongo-lanceolate or S. purpurea.”—DC.
linear. Stem woolly, with 2-3 linear L., and 2. purpurea. Root cylindrico-fusiform, 1-3 flowers. Phyll. half as long as florets, with a stringy coma. Stem 2-5-flowered. L. ovato-lanceolate, acuninate, obtuse. Seeds with channeled, somewhat 3-edged, lineari-subulate. smooth stripes. p. 5, 6. Moist meadows. Cal. cylindrical. Outer Phyll. ovato-lanceo
B. plantaginea. L. elliptico-lanceolate, 5late, not ciliate. Seeds marked with smooth
nerved. stripes. p. 5, 6. Grassy calc. hills. G. occ.
y. macrorhiza. Root large. Crown naked. 3. rosea. Root cylindrico-fusiform, with a stringy coma. Stem usually l-flowered.
10. austriaca. Root with a stringy coma. Root-L. flat, lineari-lanceolate. Stem-L. few,
Root-L. oblongo-lanceolate or linear. Stem-L. linear, keeled. Cal. cylindrical, webbed at the
2 or 3, small. Stern 1-flowered. Phyll. acubase. Outer Phyll. ovato-lanceolate. Stripes
minate, but with a broad and blunt extremity. of Seeds roughened with small teeth. p. 7.
Seeds smooth. p. 4, 5. Rocky hills.
Ger. s. Sw. Mountain meadows. Carn.Mts. of Trent. Apen. 4. trachysperma. “Smooth. Stem simple
11. parviflora. Root many-headed. Coma or merely branched at base. Fl. solitary. L.
0, or of a few scales. Stem 1-4-flowered. linear, acuminate, striate, quite entire. Cal.
Root-L. lineari-lanceolate, acute. Stem-L. cylindrical. Phyll. tiled, acute. Seeds tuber
few, linear. Outer Phyll. equalling florets, culato-serrulate. p. Meadows. Calabria.”
ovate; inner lanceolate. Seeds with smooth -DC. Seems to be a var. of S. rosea.
stripes. p. 5–7. Moist meadows.
s. e. G. Shores of Mdt. Fr. ii. Flowers yellow.
B. Seeds villous. 5. angustifolia. “Root cylindrical, naked at crown. Stem 1-flowered, thickened upwards, 12. hirsuta. Stem l-flowered: upper covered with lincar scales. Lower L. sessile, part nearly naked. L. linear, keeled, somelinear, somewhat 3-nerved. Cal. ovali-oblong. what hairy. Phyll. acuminate, hairless, with
Page 9
i. Stem leafy. 22. bapleuroides. Stem 2- or more flowered, hairless. Cal. and erect Stalks covered with stellate and simple hairs. Phyll. subacute. L. lanceolate, acuminate, smooth or only ciliate at base. Stem-L. numerous.
p. 7, 8. Rocky. Alps.
23. glabratum. Stem 1- or more flowered, hairless. Cal. white with abundant hairs. Stalk with woolly and stellate pubescence. Phyll, finely acute. L. lanceolate, acuminate, smooth or somewhat ciliate at base. p. 6, 7. Rocks and gracel of torrents. Alps.
24. speciosum. Stem 2. or more flow. ered, hairy and with stellate pubescence above the middle and on calyx. Inner Phyll. acute; outer lax. L. lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate on margin and midrib; or hirsute on both sides and with stellate pubescence. p. Mountains. Switzerland.
25. dentatum. "Stem l. or more flowered, villous and with stellate pubescence. Phyll. [adpressed, HOPPE] finely acuminate. L. lanceolate, acuminate, soft, hirsute on both sides or smooth above. The stem-L. numerous : the upper smaller, ovate, sessile. Stony mountains. Alps."-Koch.
26. villosum. Stem l. or more flowered, somewhat corymbose, woolly. Phyll. finely acuminate on an ovate base, lax : the outer widely spreading: all covered with white wool, as well as the Stalks : on these and on the upper part of the Stem a stellate pubescence. L. oblongo-lanceolate: upper ovate, amplexicaul. p. 6, 7. Stony mountains. Alps. The following are the principal var. enumerated by DC.:A. Outer Phyllaries leafy. Flowers very large. Q. cordifolium. Upper stem-L. cordato
ovate. B. eriophyllum, Willd. Stem usually l.
flowered. L. oblong, undulate. 7. tricocephalum, WILLD. Stem tall, usually
1-flowered. L. oblong. Root-L. stalked,
nearly smooth. B. Outer Phyllaries not leafy, hardly larger
than the others. 8. glabratum, Willd. Stem l-flowered, 2
leaved at base. Root-L. smooth. This is said to be the glabrum of Hoppe, Schraderi of Gaud. [which is also, I suppose, the species here called Schraderi]. I cannot decide whether it is the glabratum of Koch, which I have above adopted as a species,
€. valdepilosum, Willd. Very villous. Stem
long, leafy. L. dentate. Stem-L. oblong,
acute. Seems also to be the plant of Vill. S. scorzonerifolium, Vill. Stem 1-flowered,
few-leaved. L. lineari-lanceolate, acute,
dentate. n. acutifolium, HALLER, Fil. Stem 1-flow
ered, leafy. L. lineari-lanceolate, acu.
minate, quite entire. 27. Candollii. “Villous. Stem branched, flexuose, many-flowered. Branches long, leafy, usually 1-flowered. L. lanceolate, somewhat denticulate, glaucous. Root-L. somewhat stalked. Stem-L. sessile. Phyll. tiled, obtuse, very villous. Not to be distinguished from the branched var. of H. villosum but by the inner structure of the calyx.
p. Alps of Ger. Pyr.”-DC.
ii. Stem nearly leafless. 28. Schraderi. Stem 1- or few-flowered, densely covered, as well as Phyll., with long, black-based hairs, and a stellate pubescence. Phyll. lax: outer spreading. L. lanceolate, acute, narrowed into a stalk. p. 6-8. High pastures. Alps.
29. glanduliferum. Stem l-flowered; covered with stellate pubescence and short glandular hairs. Phyll. lax, woolly with dark-based hairs. L. green, lanceolate, minutely denticulate or quite entire. Root-L. tufted, few or 0 on stem. p. 7, 8. Very high. Alps.
D. PULMONARIÆ. These seem distinguished from the preceding tribes by the evident and comparatively abrupt contraction of the root-L. into a haft or stalk. The Phyllaries, also, are not in general so finely acute ; but this, as the divisions now stand, is not uniform in either. i. Calyx and Stalks without glandular
hairs. 30. pallescens. Stem simple, 1-flowered or supporting a corymb, 2-4-leaved. Hairs hoary, black at base. Root-L. attenuate into stalk with deep forward teeth at base. Lower stem-L. stalked ; upper sessile. p. 6–8. [Sw. SCHL.]
31. incisum. Stem simple, 1-flowered or supporting a corymb, 1-2-leaved. Hairs hoary, black at base. Root-L. ovate or ovatooblong, somewhat cordate, with deep spreading teeth at base. p. 6-8. Mountains, occ.
32. bifidum. Stem once or more forked,
Page 10
with l or no L., with scattered hairs at the what tufted, panicled, few-leaved, nearly hairlower part. L. ciliate, villous beneath, ovate, less. Root-L. elliptic, denticulate, ciliate on oblique. Stalks of root-L. very hairy. Up- midrib and margin. Stalks very short, covered per part of Stem and Fl.-stalks covered with with feathery wool. Stem-L. cordate, acute, glandular hairs. Cal. hoary. Inner Phyll. amplexicaul. Cal. obtuse : that and stalks acute or acuminate. b. p. 6, 7. Shady hills. glanduliferous. Recept. hirtulous. p. On the Madonie.”—Guss.
rock Baux de l'Afé near Prats de Mollo.”
DC. 46. siculum. “L.-stalks nerved and erect. Stem very villous, and ciliate with long hairs. 52. mixtum. "Feathery wool. Stem fewRoot-L. on long stalks, oblongo-lanceolate, at
flowered. Root-L. obovate, quite entire, sometenuate at each end, remotely toothed at base.
what stalked. Stem-L, ovate, somewhat semiStem-L. ovato-oblong, amplexicaul. Fl. few, amplexicaul. Cal. obtuse, very villous. Rein a raceme. Stalks cottony, and, as well as cept. hirtulous. p. La Piquetta. Pyr. Dau.?" the Cal., villous with long hairs. Phyll. all
-DC. acute. p. 6–9. Rough thickets. Madonie.”
53. symphytifolium. “ Villous. Stem -Guss.
erect, leafy, about 3-flowered. L. stalked, 47. Jacquinii. Stem short, with 1- or 2
ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, nearly entire. Fl.flowered, spreading branches, with simple and
stalks tomentose. Phyll. somewhat acute. p. gland-tipped hairs. Root- and lower L. deeply
Rocks. Sic.”-DC. dentate or somewhat pinnatifid ; upper lanceo
F. CERINTHOIDEÆ. late, quite entire. Phyll. hirsute. p. 6, 7. Rocks and stony. Alps.
The hairy teeth of the florets seem to dis
tinguish this section from all the others reE. ANDRYALOIDEÆ.
taining their root-L. These are distinguished from the Villosa,
i. L. without glandular hairs. which they most resemble, by the feathery
54. cerinthoides. “Glaucous. Stem hairs. The root-L. are not so suddenly con- straight, leafy, somewhat corymbose. L. memtracted as in the Pulmonariæ; and the want
branous, nearly enţire, ciliate. Stalks of oboof hairs on the teeth of the florets gives an
vate root-L. with a feathery beard. Stemartificial character to separate them from the
L. oblong, acute, cordate, amplexicaul. Fl.Cerinthoidee.
stalks with glandular hairs. Recept. rtulous. i. Upper L. lanceolate, acuminate.
p. e, and central Pyr.”—DC. Sc. ? 48. andryaloides. Stem ascending: upper 55. Lapeyrousii. “Glaucous. Stem part nearly leafless, and furnished, as well as branched, few-flowered, leafy. L. somewhat L. and Phyll., with feathery hairs. Lower L. membranous, denticulate, ciliate. Root-L. obobovato-oblong, stalked, toothed at base ; upper longo-obovate: stalks with feathery wool. lanceolate, acuminate. p. 6, 7. Warm rocks. Stem-L. ovato-cordate, semiamplexicaul. Cal. Salève. Dau.
ovate. Phyll. acuminate, and, as well as the B. undulatum, WILLD. Lower L. undulate stalks, furnished with glandular and black at base.
hairs. p. Pyr. Fl. twice as large as in H. 7. pictum, Pers. L. with brown spots.
cerinthoides.”--DC. 49. Liottardi. Woolly. Stem branched
56. phlomoides. “Stem flexuose, few. from base. Branches ascending. Lower L. den
flowered, woolly at base, smooth and leafless tato-p innatifid at base. p. 6,7. Grenoble.
above. Fl.-stalks divaricate, fastigiate. L. obMuch like H. Jacquinii, except in the woolli
longo-obovate, somewhat denticulate, apiculate, -Koch.
woolly with long feathery hairs. Stem-L. ses
sile, ovate, acuminate. Phyll. glandular at base, 50. lanatum. Densely woolly. Stem 2-6- smooth at top: internal acuminate. Recept. flowered. Branches long. L. thick, ovate, hairy. p. Gavarnie and Gendre, Pyr.”—DC. entire, or with a small tooth or two near the base : lower stalked and obtuse ; upper sessile,
57. Lawsonii [saxatile, Koch and Vilacuminate. p. 5, 6. Open rocks. Vall. Col
LARS]. Stem leafless below the long, slender di Tende. This is tomentosum of Allioni,
branches. Branches usually l-flowered, hoary, which seems the older name.
and with glandular hairs at top. L. elliptic,
hirsute on both sides. Stalk densely bearded : 51. cordifolium. “Glaucous. Stems some- those on branches elliptic, sessile ; uppermost
Page 11
drical. Beak distinct, but not half as long as seed.
13, muralis. Smooth. Pan. broad and lax, L. attenuate into a winged, amplexicaul stalk, lyrato-pinnatipartite, toothed, thin : terminal division angular. a. 7, 8. Woody. Prenanthes muralis, LINN.
naked at top. Pan. lax, corymbose. Lower L. attenuate, acuminate, runcinato - dentate. Teeth somewhat retrorse. Uppermost L. lanceolato-linear, sagittate, quite entire. Stalks bracteolate. Var. of Sp. 1? p. 6, 7. e. Pyr.
4. segasiana. Smooth. Stem erect, much branched. Lower L. attenuate, sessile; upper L. linear, sagittate. Branches 1-flowered, with numerous bracts. b. Hill vineyards. Susa. ü. Seeds with many elevated stripes. Flowers
yellow. 5. saligna. Stem smooth, panicled. L. nearly vertical, prickly on keel : lower lanceolate, pinnatifid. Stem-L. linear, sagittate, quite entire. Seeds half as long as white beak. a. [b. Koch.] Fields and borders. Likes a little salt,
6. Scariola. Pan. pyramidal. L. vertical, prickly on the keel, runcinato-pinnatifid, sagittate, acute. Seeds striate, about as long as white beak. a. b. 7, 8. Rough hills and waysides.
7. virosa. Pan. spreading. L. horizontal, prickly on keel, acutely denticulate, obtuse, sagittate. Lower L. sinuate. Seeds about as long as white beak. a. b. 7, 8. Banks and uncult.
8. sativa. L. erect, oblong, attenuate, smooth on
eel. Stem long, leafy. Beak white, about as long as seed. a. 6, 7, Escapes.
9. stricta. Pan. corymbose. L. smooth beneath. Root- and lower L. runcinato-lyrate, dentate. Upper L. runcinato-pinnatifid, attenuate, sagittate. Divisions acuminate. Seeds twice as long as black beak. b. 7, 8. Stony hills. Tende. Rosslesen, e. G.
10. sagittata. Pan.corymbose. L. smooth beneath, sagittate: the points short. Root-L. sinuato-dentate; upper lanceolate, acuminate, quite entire. Seed twice as long as black beak. b. 7, 8. Woods. Brunn in Moravia.
11. Chaixi. Fl. in a raceme. L. smooth beneath. Root-L. lyrato-runcinate. Stem-L. lanceolate, sagittate, dentate. Seeds about twice as long as black beak. a. Shade. Les Baux, Rabon, and Chandun in Dau.
12. longidentata. Pan. crowded. RootL. lanceolato-spatulate, attenuate into stalk. Stem-L. auricled, decurrent. Fl.-stalks bracteolate. Seed twice as long as black beak. a. b. 5. Calc. rocks.
A. Scape simple, 1.flowered. Seeds with long
Beaks. Outer Phyllaries spreading. 1. officinale. Quite smooth. Seeds muricate at top. Phyll. without horns; the outer reflected. p. 5, 6. Meadows, &c.
2. lævigatum. “Nearly smooth. Seeds pale, spinuloso-muricate at top. Phyll. callous at the tip. Beak thickened the base, longer than seed. L. runcinato-pinnatipartite. Segments unequal, lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat dentate. p. Meadows, pastures, and dry hills."-DC.
3. corniculatum. Smooth. Seeds muriculate at top. Phyll, horned below the tip. Young Scales cottony at top. L. dentate or somewhat runcinate. p. Sandy pastures. Austria.-DC, Koch considers these three as one species.
4. serotinum. Phyll. linear, acuminate, hornless. Seeds striate, narrowed at each end, muriculate at top, nearly as long as beak. [Uncoloured part of Beak as long as the seed and coloured part, Koch.] L. rough on both sides, and somewhat rigid; the earliest nearly entire, the rest runcinato-pinnatitid, with triangular divisions, and acute forward teeth. p. 7-9. Dry clayey hills. Moravia.
5. tenuifolium. Seeds lineari-obovate, squamoso-muricate at top. Uncoloured part of Beak not as long as the seed and coloured part. L. lineari-lanceolate, entire or remotely denticulate. p. 4, 5. Moist places. Salines of Zaule near Trieste.
6. erythrospermum. “Seeds intensely rufous, spinuloso-muricate at the top. Beak with a coloured, callous base. Phyll. somewhat horned. L. smooth, runcinato-pinnatipartite. Lobes narrowly triangular or lanceolate. p. Dry pastures. All Europe.”—DC. Probably a var. of T. officinale or lævigatum.
7. obovatum. “Smooth. Seeds rufous, muricate, half as long as beak. Phyll. calloso-corniculate. Root-L. flat on the ground, obovate, hardly dentate; later ones runcinatopinnatifid. p. Moist and fields. s. Eur.”—DC.
Page 12
5. viscosa. Viscid. Fl. in a pyramidal 4-edged. p. 7, 8. Moist meadows and banks. rceme, compound at base. L. lanceolate, ser- n. Eur. Occ. rate. p. 7, 8. Coasts of Mdt.
B. Inner Phyllaries finely acute; outer a 428. JASONIA.
scale with a leafy appendage. A. Seeds villous at base, glandular at top.
i. Rays shorter than calyx. 1. glutinosa. Fl. discoid. Plant glutinous.
2. Conyza. Rays deeply divided on one L. lineari-lanceolate, quite entire, often twisted.
side, hardly ligulate. Phyll. hairy. AppenBranches leafy to the end. w. p. 6, 7. Open
dage very short, glandular, somewhat squarrocks. Prov. Rous. Sic.
Stem panicled. L. attenuate into haft,
which is somewhat dilated at base, but not B. Seeds nearly terete, everywhere villous. amplexicaul nor decurrent; hairy on both sides.
2. tuberosa. Somewhat shrubby. Root Seeds hairy. p. 6, 7. Dry, chiefly calc. præmorse, tuberous, woody. L. linear or some
3. bifrons. Rays few, ligulate. Phyll. what lanceolate, quite entire. Branches with few L. Rays exceeding Phyll. p. Open. mdt.
glandular. Stem panicled. L. dilated at base,
cordate, and somewhat decurrent, glandular on France.
both sides. Seeds smooth. b. 7, 8. Moist 3. sicula. Herbaceous. Root slender. Root- shady. S. Fr. It. L. lanceolate, dentate. Stem-L. linear, semi
ii. Rays exceeding calyx. amplexicaul, quite entire. Branches with few L. a.? or p. 8–10. Moist sandy coasts.
a. Seeds hairless. mdt. Fr. Sic. Outer Flts. sometimes very short * Outer Phyllaries woolly or tomentose. or tubular.
4. germanica. Phyll. woolly at the back. 429. INULA. Corymb compound, crowded.
L. oblongo
lanceolate, hairy on surface and rough on In most species of this genus the outer phylla- margin. Stem-L. cordate at base. p. 7, 8. ries are of a different form and substance from
Stony. Sax. Palat. Aust. Boh. the inner, and, except in the last section, are composed of two parts-a thick and firm scale,
5. media. Cal. somewhat ventricose. Phyll. with a leafy termination. The extreme outer
nearly smooth, ciliate. Corymb nearly simple, ones sometimes ha this leafy part much
crowded. L. lanceolate, hairy on surface and enlarged, and uniting with small L. at the top
rough on margin. Stem-L. cordate at base. of the flower-stalk: they form an involucrum
p. 7, 8. Hill meadows. Between Kreuznach on the outside of the common calyx.
and Bingen. Palat.-Koch. A. Inner Phyllaries obtuse; outer leafy. Sp.1. 6. hybrida. “ Outer Phyll. somewhat vilB. Inner Phyllaries acute; outer with leafy
lous on back and margin, with 1 to 3 lanceoappendage.
late, 3-nerved bracts. Corymb crowded, about
5-flowered. L. narrow lanceolate, acute, rei. Rays shorter than tubular Florets.
motely and obscurely denticulate, venoso-nerSp. 2, 3.
vose, rough and somewhat woolly on margin, ii. Rays exceeding tubular Florets.
otherwise hairless. Perhaps a hybrid between a. Seeds not hairy.
germanica and ensifolia. p. 7, 8. On the * Outer Phyllaries woolly or tomen
Kahlenberg near Vienna."-Koch. tose. Sp. 4-8.
7. ensifolia. Appendage ovato-lanceolate, ** Outer Phyllaries smooth. Sp. 9–12. 3-5 nerved : lower longer, and passing into a *** Outer Phyllaries with strong bul
leafy involucrum. Base of Cal. and top of bous hairs. Sp. 13, 14.
stalk woolly. Fl. few, somewhat corymbose. L.
narrow lanceolato-linear, nerved, ciliato-scab. Seeds hairy. Sp. 15–18.
brous. Surface not hairy. p. 7, 8. Rocky C. Outer Phyllaries not of two parts. Sp. hills. It. s. e. G. 19, 20.
8. Vaillantii. Appendage somewhat squarA. Inner Phyllaries spatulate, obtuse ; outer
rose, woolly at back. Fl. corymbose. Cal. leafy.
and top of Stalks woolly. L. lanceolate, hairy, 1. Helenium. L. dentate, velvety beneath. narrow at base. p. 8, 9. Moist thickets and Stem-L. cordate, acuminate. Seeds hairless, mountain meadows. w. Alps.
Page 13
Corymb somewhat umbellate. Chaff dentate, B. Ligulæ of the Rays about half as long as bitid. p. 7,8. Very high. Aust. Carn. Monte
common calyx. Generoso. Chiavenna.
i. Flowers purplish or nearly white, in a B. denudata. Altogether hairless.
corymbose panicle. c. L. pinnate or pinnatifid, with a narrow, a. L. pinnate or pinnatifid, with a distinct linear inline.
linear rachis or inline. 11. moschata. Stem nearly smooth, * Rachis entire, or with only an occasional erect, simple. L. hairless, pectinato-pinnatifid, stray tooth below base of pinna. dotted. Lobes linear, nearly entire, somewhat 18. chamæmilifolia. Smooth. Stem teobtuse. Corymb simple, umbel-like. Chaff hya
rete, nearly simple. L. pectinato-pinnatiparline. p. 7, 8. Very high, wet. Alps, not rare.
tite. Lobes lincar, obtuse, quite entire. Corymb B. impunctata. L, without dots. Carinth. without bracts. Chaff oblongo-linear, acute,
pale. p. Rocks. Olette and Villefranche, Pyr. 12. hybrida. “L. woolly: outline oblong, pectinato-pinnate. Lts. lineari-lanceolate, mu- 19. odorata. Stems numerous, from a cronate, entire or with few teeth. Corymb woody neck. L. hairy, pinnatipartite. Div. simple. p.7, 8. Very high. Alps of Vallais." pinnatifid. Segm. entire, or with a single -koch.
tooth. Chaff hairy at the tip. p. 7, 8. Calc.
hills. e. Pyr. Trieste. Monfalcone. 13. nana. Very woolly. Stems many, simple, suberect. Lts. nearly equal, lineari- 20. Millefolium. Stem furrowed at top. lanceolate, acute, sometimes incise, approxi- L. bipinnate and often further divided : outline mate. Cal. scantily woolly. Chaff lanceolate, linear : length about six times breadth. Segm. brown at tip. p. 7, 8. Snowy. Alps. linear, acuminate. p. 6–9. Pastures and un
cult. 14. atrata. Stem simple, pubescent. L. pinnatipartite : the upper divisions again di- B. setacea. Segm. of L. setaceous. vided into 3-5 segments, nearly smooth. Root- I have a plant from Florence, under the L. stalked. Stein-L. sessile: segments linear, name of longifolia, where the length of the rootacuminate. Corymb simple. Stalks villous.
L. is fifteen times the breadth. It appears to Chaff lanceolate, black at tip. p. 7, 8. Moun- be a distinct species. tains.
21. lanata. L. bipinnatifid. Div. dentate, B. corymbosa. Lobes generally trifid; some with acuminate teeth. Outline oblong. Length pinnatipartite. Tyr. Salzb.
about three times breadth. p. 7, 8. Mouny. intermedia. Lobes of lower L. pecti- tain pastures. Fiume. Carn. Styr. nate, entire; of upper pinnatipartite.
22. sylvatica. “Pubescent. Stem simple. Valley of St. Nicolas.
L. bipinnatifid: outline ovato-oblong. Lobes 15. сlusiana. L. pinnate: outline oval. crowded, lanceolato - oblong, inciso - serrate. Lts. in numerous narrow linear segments. Rachis broad. Cal. oblong, angular. Po Chaff Corymb simple. L. much more finely divided hyaline, acute, somewhat hairy. p. Shady than in A. atrata. p. 7, 8. High moist. mountains. Garg. Calab. Lucania.”-TEN. Alps.
23. punctata. "Stem simple, somewhat ii. Stem one-flovered.
pubescent, striate. L. oblong on the outline, 16. Barellieri. Sericeo-tomentose. Stem
decursively pinnate, villoso-punctate. Lts. lisimple, decumbent, leatless, 1-flowered. Root
near, pinnatifid. Div. trilid, mucronato-den
tate. L. bipinnate. Stem-L. pectinato-pinnatipar
Corolla trifid, yellowish. p. Mountite. Segm. short, oblongo-elliptic, somewhat
tain pastures. Arapietra, Campo Aprico in the
Abruzzi.”- TEN. acute. Phyll. and Chaff with a fuscous, scariose margin. p. High and gravelly.
** Rachis toothed. Abruzzi.
24. ligustica. Finely pubescent. Stem 17. mucronulata. Stems decumbent, erect, terete, branched. L. pinnatipartite. hairless at base, villous above. L. sessile, pin- Rachis with a few long teeth. Div. pinnatifid. natipartite, pubescent. Lobes linear, acumi- Segm. lauceolate, approximate. Outline ovate. uate, entire. Chaff obtuse, serrwate, brownish [haff acute, hyaline. p. 6, 7. Rocks anul at tip. p. Shaily rocks. Abruzzi.
open hills. It
Page 14
cylindrical, striate, downy. a. 11-5. Open divided auricle. Segm. oblong or linear, rising coasts. Sic,”—Guss.
obliquely from midrib, Koch]. Fl.-stalks 12. vernalis. Woolly. L. oblong, sinuato
scaly. [Seeds of Disc muriculate under a glass, pinnatifid. Margin curled and toothed. Segm.
DC.] p. 7, 8. Ditches and splashes. Br.
Fr. Switzerland. ovate. Corymb lax. Accessory Scales 6-12, one-fourth of length of calyx. Seeds hoary. 20. erraticus. “Lower L. stalked; the Crest permanent.
a. 4.
Clay fields and others semiamplexicaul, with a divided auricle. woods. Rosenberg and Troppau, both in Segm. obovato-oblong, very widely spreading: Silesia.
Terminal lobe of root-L. cordato-ovate; of *** L. distinctly pinnatifid, not conspicu
upper L. cuneate.. Marginal Seeds smooth.
b. 7, 8. Moist meadows. Frankfort-onously lyrate.
Oder. Tyr. Carn."-Koch. 13. crassifolius. Much branched. L. fleshy, pinnatifid, widest on the auricles ! 21. lyratifolius. L. lyrato-pinnate. LaSegm. 3-5, somewhat cuneate, dentate. Stalks
teral lobes detached ; terminal large, ovate, few, l-flowered. Scales few. Seeds finely doubly and acutely serrate. Fl.-stalks enlarged downy. 2. 4, 5. Sandy coasts. Mars. Sic. and scaly at top. Seeds setoso-scabrous. p.
7, 8. Alpine valleys. Sar. Sw. G. 14. squalidus. L. pinnatifid. Lower L. stalked, less divided; upper sessile, semiam- 22. lycopifolius. Stem and under side plexicaul. Outline somewhat broader upwards. of L. grey, tomentose; upper side floccose or Segm. linear or oblong, distant, dentate, acute.
smooth. Root-L. obovato-oblong, attenuate Fl.-stalks scaly towards the top. Phyll. united
into a long stalk, crenate. Stem-L. gradually at base. Outer Scales few and small. All smaller, nearly sessile, ovato-lanceolate, inSeeds silky. a. b. p. 6, 7. adr. G. Base of ciso-pinnatifid at base. Segm. acutely dentate; Ætna towards the shore, abundant. Oxford. the terminal one very large, acute, dentato
serrate. Base of Cal. villous. 15. nebrodensis. Erect. L. pinnatifid.
Phyll. not Outline broadest upwards. Segm. oblong or
sphacelate ; outer lax. Seeds striate, hirsute.
p. 8–11. Moist clay. Sic."--Guss. Query somewhat cuneate, acutely inciso-dentate. Phyll. and accessory Scales quite smooth,
if S. lyratifolius? black at the tip. Seeds downy. p. DC. a. 23. alpinus. L. stalked, cordate, longer Koch. Calc. rocky. Nebr. Mts. of Carrara. than broad; the stalk naked, or furnished with e. Alps.
small Lts. L.-stalk with short auricles. Fl.B. paradoxus. No rays.
stalks scaly. Seeds smooth. p. 7, 8. Rough
meadows and near folds. Alps. Apenn. 16. eracifolius. Stem erect, corymbose. L. pinnatifid, hoary beneath. Outline elliptic. 24. subalpinus. L. stalked, triangulariLateral Segm. nearly entire ; upper confluent. cordate. Breadth fully equal to length. Stalk Rays oblong. Seeds downy. p. 7, 8. Thickets naked or furnished with small Lts. Fl.-stalks and rough ground.
scaly. Seeds smooth. p. 7, 8. Moist moun
tains. Aust. Sil. 17. præaltus. Stem-L. semiamplexicaul ; lower bipinnatifid. Segm. linear, somewhat 25. delphinifolius. Lower L. ovate, lyobtuse [acuminate, POLLINI], dentate, nearly rato-pinnatifid; others bipinnatifid. Segm. fat. Accessory Scales small. Seeds of Ray
linear, acute, trifid, somewhat revolute on hairless; of Disc downy. p. 8, 9. Sandy margin. Scales and Phyll. hairless, not hills. Berician Hills near Vicenza.
sphacelate. Seeds ovoid-oblong, somewhat 18. Jacobæa. L. elliptic, pinnatifid. Segm.
rough. 2. 4, 5. Fields. Sic. Sard. pinnatifido-incise, somewhat enlarging upwards. 26. Scheuchzeri. L. pinnate, acute. Lts. Seeds of Ray smooth ; of Disc setoso-scabrous.
linear ; upper confluent into a lanceolate semip. 7-9. Meadows and waste.
pinnate lobe. Phyll. united for two-thirds of their length! Accessory Scales 0, 1, or 2;
long, filiform. Mont Pilat, Sw. **** L. lyrate or lyrato-pinnatifid.
Not now
found.--GAUDIN. 19. aquaticus.
Stem erect, branched, very widely spreading. Lower L. stalked,
***** L. multifido-bipinnate : all Segments lyrato-pinnatifid, obtusely dentate; terminal
linear or lineari-lanceolate, acute. Upper L. pinnatifid [with a 27. artemisiifolius. L. smooth, pinnati
Page 15
42. Doria. L. fleshy, somewhat glaucous,
B. rivularis. Not curled. Phyll. all green. finely dentate. Root-L. stalked, oblong. Mid- 7. sudetica. Not curled. Phyll. purpledle stem-L. oblongo-lanceolate, semiamplexi- tipped. caul, somewhat decurrent; upper few, small,
8. Schkurii
. Differs from ay in having no acuminate. Scales very short. Rays 5-6.
cordate L. Seeds hairy. p. 7, 8. Meadows and banks of rivers.
€. crocea. Phyll. purple. Fl. croceous.
2. pratensis. L. webby. Lower L. re43. paludosus. Stem straight, hollow.
pando-dentate, oblong, attenuate into stalk ; L. elongato-lanceolate, acuminate, erect, some
middle lanceolate, attenuate; upper lanceolate what woolly beneath, semiamplexicaul, sharply
or linear, sessile. p. 5, 6. Boggy meadows. serrate. Accessory Scales about 10, half as
Salzburg long as phyllaries. Rays 15-16, narrow. Seeds hairy. p. 7, 8. Moist.
3. alpestris. L. dentate, hirto-scabrous
and more or less woolly. Lower L. stalked, 44. linifolius. Stem branched. L. ses. ovate, crenato-dentate; middle oblongo-ovate, sile, linear, acute, quite entire. Rays 8–10. attenuate into a broadly winged stalk ; upperSeeds finely downy. w.-DC.; but other au- most sessile, lanceolate or linear. Corymb thors describe it as herbaceous. Pdm.
about 5-flowered. Stalks naked. p. 5-7. b. Flowers few or solitary.
Subalpine. e. Alps. 45. Tournefortii. L. somewhat fleshy, not
B. clusiana. Densely woolly. at all tomentose, lanceolate.
Teeth strong,
7. ovirensis. Fl.-stalks scaly.--DC. separated by a semilunar sinus. Fl. 1-5.
b. Crest about equalling florets of disc. Phyll. ciliolate. Accessory Scales few or 0,
4. papposa. L. denticulate. linear. Rays 14-15. Seeds hairless. p. 8, 9.
Lower L. High moist rocks. Pyr.
ovate, attenuate into a slightly-winged stalk;
uppermost sessile, lineari-lanceolate. Fl. 3-5. 46. Doronicum. Tomentose. L. coria- Rays linear, 18-20. p. Boh. and Carinthia. ceous, dentate. Root-L. ovate, attenuate into Koch considers this a smooth-seeded var. of stalk. Stem-L. auriculato-amplexicaul ; upper C. campestris. acuminate. Cal. hardly woolly Accessory 5. balbisiana. Stem-L. coarsely serrate, Scales numerous, equalling phyllaries. Rays
oblongo-lanceolate. Fl. 10–12. Stalks sul12-15. Crest very white. Seeds hairless.
cate. Phyll. smooth, narrow, acuminate. p. p. 7, 8. High rough pastures. Fr. G. Sw. It.
High wet. Tende. Monte Vesulo. Val Pesco. B. rotundifolius. Root-L. subrotund.
Pdm. Easily distinguished by the sulcate g. tomentosus. Plant very hoary.
Fl.-stalks. 47. lanatus. Woolly. Stem erect, l-flow
ii. Seed pubescent. ered. L. thin, serrato-dentate. Lower L. a. Crest about as long as florets of disc. stalked, elliptic, obtuse; upper lanceolate, ex- 6. aurantiaca. L. nearly even, hardly panded at base, sessile. Accessory scales equal. woolly, nearly entire. Root-L. ovate, attenuling densely woolly phyllaries. Rays 15-30. ate into a short, winged stalk. Lower stemp. 5, 6. Meadows and walls. adr. G. Tusc. L. lanceolate; upper lineari-oblong or linear.
Phyll. coloured. Seed densely hispid. p. 5.
Carinthia, at the foot of the Alps. Sty. Boh. 458. CINERARIA.
-Koch. Mountain meadows.-DC. A. Stem simple, bearing a simple corymb or B. capitata. L. hirto-scabrous and woolly. umbel.
Rays 0. Mountain meadows. Sw. Tyrol. i. Seed smooth [except occasionally in C. al
-Koch. pestris].
b. Crest about equalling tube of florets. a. Crest about equalling tube of florets of disc. 7. spatulifolia. L. webby on the upper
1. crispa. L. webby, not scabrons. Lower surface, woolly beneath. Lower L. ovate, atL. stalked, ovate or cordate; middle longer, tenuate into a long haft; upper sessile, lanceoattenuate into a broadly winged stalk; upper
late or linear. Phyll. woolly, very acute. Seeds most sessile, lanceolate or linear, nearly entire. densely hispid. p. 5. Rough woody hills. p. 5, 6. Mountain meadows.
w. G. Moist meadows.-DC. a. L. and wing of the Stalk curled.
Page 16
ovoid [not angular] flowers. Phyll. smooth at lose, and has scattered flowers. I do not find top and brown, somewhat acute. a. Fields. these characters go together: pusillum of GauBadeuvilliers in Lorr.”—DC.
din has the stem shorter than L. B. Outer Florets imbedded in the thickened B. Flowers complete. Shafts of Crests in base of the phyllaries !
the disc club-shaped. 11. tenuifolia. Stem erect, ramoso-di- 5. Leontopodium. Stem simple. Heads chotomous at top. Branches divaricate. L. in a crowded corymb, surrounded by a large narrow linear, acute : upper bract-like, re- leafy involucrum, densely woolly. p. 7, 8. curved. Heads 6-10-flowered, sessile and ter- High pastures. Alps. Pyr. minal, woolly. Phyll. obtuse. a. 4, 5. Dry sandy hills. Sic.”—PARL.
C. Flowers separate on different plants.
i. Shafts club-shaped. 12. gallica. Branched, dichotomous above.
6. dioicum. Plant with creeping runners. L. linear, acute. Margin somewhat revolute, much exceeding heads. Heads lax, of 3-5 py
L. obovato-spatulate, cottony beneath: those ramidal flowers, at the forks and terminal.
on stem nearly all equal. Phyll. of fertile
flowers obtuse, coloured. p. 5, 6. Heaths and Outer Phyll. ovate. a. 5, 6. Dry fields. G. Fr. It.
dry hills.
7. alpinum. Runners few or 0. L. obo472. GNAPHALIUM.
vato-spatulate, cottony beneath : those of stem
nearly all equal. Phyll. of fertile flowers acuA. Flowers complete. Shafts of Crest fiti
minate, somewhat serrate, lurido-fuscous. p. form, or nearly so.
Very high pastures. Dau. Pyr. 1. luteo-album. Fl. in a crowded, leafless corymb. L. oblong, cottony on both sides :
8. carpathicum. No runners. Stem quite those on stem somewhat amplexicaul. Phyll.
simple. Fl. erect. L. lanceolate : upper grascariose. Straw - coloured. a. 6. Barren
dually smaller. Phyll. sphacelate, scariose: sandy. m. and s. Eur.
inner acuininate. p. 7, 8. High moist rocks.
Alps. 2. uliginosum. Stem branched, diffuse. Heads of Fl. leafy. L. linear, attenuate. Phyll.
ii. Shafts hardly clavate. scariose, brown. Seeds smooth. a. 7-9. 9. margaritaceum. Branched, erect. L. Plashes. Koch considers G. nudum a var. of
lineari-lanceolate, cottony beneath. Fl. in a this. DC. puts it with G. pillulare, a Lapland level-topped corymb, yellowish. Phyll, white, plant, with muriculate seeds.
obtuse. p. 8. Moist meadows. Monmouth
shire. 3. sylvaticum." Stem simple, ending in a compound spike. L. lanceolate, very attenu
473. HELICHRYSUM, ate, with a callous, nearly naked, obtuse mucro. Outer Phyll. about one-third of length of tlow- A. Phyllaries white, obtuse, radiate. ers. p. 7, 8. Woods and heaths. The genuine 1. frigidum. Tufted, procumbent, hoary. plant, according to Koch, has the L. on stem
L. oblong, sessile, tiled: those on the shoots gradually decreasing.
nearly in 4 rows. Fl. solitary, terminal. Seeds B. norvegicum. L. on middle of stalk as very silky. p. Very high. Cors. long as those below, acuminato-mucro
B. Phyllaries yellow. Flowers in a corymb. nate.
2. scandens. “Shrubby. Fl. ovate, at g. hoppeanum. Differs from B in having L. simply acute.
last campanulate. L. lineari-lanceolate, flat, at
last revolute, acute. Plant loosely tufted, All these characters differ very much in degree.
hanging from the rocks. w. 5, 6. Rocks
exposed to south. Cassaro and Ferla in Sic." 4. supinum. Shoots creeping, densely
-Guss. cespitose. Fl. few [1-8], in a capitate spike,
3. glutinosum. Shrubby. Fl. globososometimes solitary. Outer Phyll. nearly as long
turbinate. L. linear. Margin revolute. Corymb as flowers. p. 7, 8. Moist, stony, high moun
flat at top, glutinous. tains. Bab. distinguishes supinum, in which
W. Sandy shores.
Viesti and Peschici in Apulia. the stems are not cespitose, and the flowers are in heads, from pusillum, which is cespi. 4. Stochas. Shrubby. Fl. globoso-tur
Page 17
bulate, hooked, and of one colour. Fl. in a corymb. b. 7, 8. Uncult.
2. tomentosum. Phyll. webby: inner lanceolate, with a straight mucro, coloured, and somewhat radiating. Fl. corymbose. b.7, 8. Uncult.
3. minus. Phyll. webby, all subulate and hooked: inner somewhat coloured. Fl. somewhat racemose. b. 7. Uncult.
These characters are taken from Koch.
The inner Phyllaries are linear in all the species, generally coloured, 3-nerved, and pubescent at the tip, mostly soft and unarmed; but in some species there is a slight mucro. The L. in all are decurrent, and more or less sinuate and inciso-dentate, with spines on the teeth, which are longer and stronger as they terminate a larger subdivision of the L.
Thave put together the species with oblong
or cylindrical flowers, but find it impossible to give an analytical view of this genus, or of the next ;- in other respects I have copied De Candolle, with an occasional character added from Koch, Gaudin, and Gussone, where I could be sure the same species was intended. The flowers clustered, some of them absolutely sessile, or numerous on short stalks prickly nearly or quite to the summit, or solitary on long stalks, seem to be important characters; but I have not the materials to follow them out.
A. Flowers oblong. Sp. 1-7.
B. Flowers nearly globular, or broadly ovate.i. Flowers clustered. Sp. 8-17. ii. Flowers nearly solitary. Sp. 18–34.
A. Flowers oblong. 1. Pycnocephalus. Fl. 2-5, crowded at the end of the nearly leafless branches. Phyll. subulate. Margin spreading, on an ovatolanceolate base; all mucronate: inner striate. L. sinuate or pinnatifid, webby bencath. b. 6, 7.
Walls and waste. Rouen, adr. G. Italy.
2. neglectus. “L. oblong, sinuato-spinose, woolly beneath. Stalks cottony, nearly naked. Phyll. hairless, subulato-spinose, spreading, exceeding flowers. a. Borders of fields. Naples.”—TEN. Fl. solitary ; but DC. adds, or in small clusters.” Var. of Sp. 1 ? 3. tenuiflorus. F. many, crowded at the
end of somewhat leafy branches. Phyll. lanceolate, or the outer ovato-lanceolate and somewhat spreading, tapering into a spine; inner striate, erect, finely acute, not always spinescent. L. oblong, sinuato-pinnatifid, webby beneath. a. b. 7, 8. Waste.
4. sardous. Fl. 12–15, crowded at the end of leafy, winged branches. Phyll. subulate, spreading, on a lanceolate base; inner very finely acute. Stem-L. oblong, attenuate, sinuato-pinnatifid, araneo-tomentose beneath, and sometimes above. Segm. palmato-angular. b. 5, 6. Dry hills. n. Sard. Savona,
5. congestus. “Fl. 3–15, crowded, invo. lucrate. Cal. ovato-cylindrical. Phyll. tapering into a spine, spreading at top: inner acute, serrulato-laciniate. L. smooth above, arachnoid beneath, pinnatifid. Div. 2–3-partite, ending in strong spines. Segm. divaricate, subdenticulato-spinulose. a. 5,6. Woods and hedges. Bafia and Mandanico, Sic.”—Guss.
6. cephalanthus. Root-L. runcinate, squarrose. Stem-L. lanceolate, acuminate, sinuato-pinnatifid, spinose. Stem with many interrupted wings. Fl. crowded, 30–40, cylindrical. Phyll. adpressed : outer lanceolate, woolly, spinose; inner smooth, linear, unarmed. b. Isl. of Lavezzi between Cors. and Sard."-Viv. This and the preceding do not seem well distinguished from tenuiflorus.
7. arabicus. Branches winged to the top. L. lanceolate, sinuato-pinnatifid, with white spots above, tomentose beneath ; upper exceeding flowers. Phyll
. lineari-lanceolate, erect, flat, with an abrupt, not pungent spine; inner membranous, unarmed. a. b. 4, 5. Malta. Sicily. B. Flowers ovate or nearly globular.
i. Flowers clustered. 8. Argyroa. “Branches woolly, winged to the top. Fl. ovate, somewhat corymbose, on short stalks. L. linear, pinnatifid, dentatospinose, woolly beneath. Segm. palmato-angular. Phyll. webby, adpressed, terminated by a short spine ; inner linear, acuminate, scariose. Fits. 20-30, a. 5. Uncult. Pal. Sard.”—Moris.
9. Personata. Fl. 5-8, crowded at the end of leafy and generally winged branches : lateral ones sessile. Lower L. pinnate or pinnatifid; upper elliptic or ovate, undivided, irregularly serrate : all somewhat webby beneath. Phyll
. somewhat serrulate, spreading. b. 7,8. Moun. tain valleys. Alps. Vosges.
Page 18
b. L. decurrent, but not to the next L.
in each of which we find the L. and lower part of
the plant most like those of what is considered 26. pannonicum. L. lanceolate, undi
to be the male parent, while the Fl. rather resemvided, ciliate, spinulose, scabrous, green on
ble those of the female. The name of the female both sides. Fl. solitary, on long stalks. Phyll.
parent is uniformly placed first by Mr. Nägeli. smooth, linear, adpressed, unarmed, acuminate,
Between the hybrid and the male plant there are coloured. p. 6, 7. Rugged mountains. s. G. often intermediate forms; but not, apparently, s. Switzerland.
between the hybrid and the female. Whether
a similar peculiarity can be traced in Carduus, 1. pannonico-acaule. L. of C. acaule, but and whether hybrids ever occur between Carglaucous. Stems intermediate. Fl. of C. pan- duus and Cirsium, I am not able to say. nonicum, but somewhat larger. Carn. 2. pannonico-Erisithales. L. more like those
483. CHAMEPEUCE. of C. Erisithales. Fl. and Inflorescence nearer
1. gnaphalodes. A shrub. Flts. ringent. to those of C. pannonicum. Fl. purple. It. Switzerland.
Axils of the upper L. furnished with 2 spines.
Phyll. long, with short spines, somewhat woolly; Another form differs little from C. Erisithales, except in having somewhat decurrent L.
lower hardly spreading. Filts. feathered. s.S.
Calab. lapygia. and purple flowers.— NÆGELI in Koch.
2. stellata. L. sessile, lineari-lanceolate, 27. tuberosum [pratense, DC.]. Stem flat, white and cottony beneath, with 1 or 2 striate, villous, branched at top. L. lanceolate,
spines on each side of the base. Phyll. tuberincise, ciliato-spinulose. Fl. solitary, nearly cled at the base of the appendage. Fits. nearly globose, on a stalk bearing small L. Phyll.
regular. a. 6, 7. Dry fields. Nice. Sic. lanceolate, adpressed, mucronate. dovs. s. Fr. Resembles C. monspessulanum,
3. Casabonæ. L. sessile, ovato-lanceobut has Fl. more detached and L. more divided late, reddish and cottony beneath, bearing bi. and less decurrent. [a mara, ļi,
ternate spines on margin. Phyll. hardly tu
bercled within. Flts. nearly regular. b. 7. c. L. decurrent to next L., forming two wings. Open barren. Elba. I. of Hyères. Sard.
28. monspessulanum. The Stem tall, 4. stricta. L semidecurrent, forming a branched. L. lanceolate, undivided, somewhat somewhat spinose wing, lanceolate, sinuatorepand, unequally ciliate, generally webby be- dentate, webby beneath. Segm. cloven. Phyll. neath. Fl. crowded, ovato-globose. Phyll. lanceolate, with subulate appendage, webby, lanceolate, adpressed, mucronate.
spreading. Flts. nearly regular. p. Rugged Moist meadors. mdt. Fr. Pdm.
hills. Naples. B. pyrenaicum. L. cano-tomentose beneath.
5. firma. L. amplexicaul, rigid, woolly be7. dissectum. L. sinuato-pinnatifid.
neath, pinnatifid. Segm. divaricate, 3-spined. 29. canum. Root of bundled fusiform fibres.
Stem straight, simple. Fl. crowded, bracteate. Stem somewhat striate, webby. L. oblongo
Phyll. webby, linear, spinulose, spreading at lanceolate, sinuate or eroso-dentate, somewhat
top. Cor. ringent. Filts. hirsute. p. 6, 7. hoary beneath. Lobes triangulari-lanceolate.
Fields. Palermo, according to Presl. Fl. solitary, subglobose, on long, nearly naked, 6. nivea. L. semiamplexicaul, sinuato-pin webby stalks. Phyll. lanceolate, adpressed, natifid, webby above, tomentose and very white with short mucro, spreading after flowering. beneath. Div. 2-3-lobed. Lobes acuminatop. 7, 8. Moist fertile meadows.
spinescent. Fl. thick, nearly globose, webby. 30. serratum. Lower L. decurrent, ob
All Phyll. acuminato-spinescent: appendage of long, fleshy, serrato-dentate, spinoso-ciliate:
outer ones spreading, with a prominent mid
rib. upper lanceolate, hardly decurrent. Fl. soli
Flts. ringent. p. 6,7. Abr. Nebrodes. tary, on long stalks. Phyll. ovate, adpressed, mucronate. p. s. Eur. Perhaps not dis
484. NOTOBASIS. tinct from canum.
1. syriaca. L. amplexicaul, oblong : the The Hybrids are so numerous in this genus, upper pinnatipartite, with spinose segments. that it seemed necessary to mention them. It Fl. terminal and axillary, nearly sessile. will be seen that they mostly assume two forms, 6-8.
Dry stony. It. Sic. Sard.
Page 19
Fl. yellow. Open rocks. Abr. Naples. Apenn. Sardinia.
51. collina. Phyll. ovato-lanceolate, longer than the somewhat spreading spine. Fl. yel. low. L. somewhat asper : lower bipinnatifid, segments oblong or lanceolate, hardly acute; upper pinnatifid, segments linear; the last oblong. Uppermost L. undivided. p. Open. Coasts of Mdt.
3. With a longer spine.
52. centaurioides. Phyll. ovato-lanceolate, longer than the spreading spine. Fl. yellow. Lower L. simply pinnatipartite : lobes oblong, entire ; the terminal larger and ovate: upper inciso-pinnatifid. p. Fields. mdt. Eur. Not in Koch or Guss.
iii. Phyllaries ending in a simple spine.
53. aurea. Fits. equal. Spines spreading. Stem erect, branched. Lower L. pinnatifid ; upper not decurrent. p. s. Eur. Perhaps not different from C. Schouwii.-DC. iv. Phyllaries not spinoso-ciliate, but with
accessory Spines at the base of the principal.
a. Flowers yellow. 54. solstitialis. Outer Phyll. with palmate spines, nearly equal, woolly. Root-L. lyrate or pinnatifid. Stem-L. lanceolate, decurrent, quite entire. a. 7, 8. Dry warm. s. Eur. Occ. in north.
55. lappacea. Outer Phyll. with palmate spines, of which the lateral are short and soft, sometimes wanting. Stem much branched. Fl. terminal, solitary. Root-L. lyrato-pinnatifid. Stem-L. lineari-lanceolate, decurrent. a. 710. Dry hills. Sic.
56. Schouwii. Outer Phyll. with a simple, reflexed spine, somewhat woolly when young. Stem-L. lincar, entire, mucronate, decurrent. a. 5-7. Dry. Nebr. Sard.
57. melitensis. Spines of Phyll. all similar. Fl. solitary among upper L. Root-L. pinnatipartite. Stem-L. linear, toothed. a. 5, 6. Open. Sic. Sard. Bois de Boulogne.
58. apula. Spines of Phyll. all similar, not very rigid. Fl. mostly clustered among upper L. Root-L. lyrate or pinuatipartite. Stem-L, lanceolate, quite entire, decurrent. a. Open. Apulia. Cors. Sard. Arles. Perpignan.
59. sicula. Fl. solitary among upper L. Spines of Phyll. all similar, rigid, spreading. Lower L. lyrate or pinnatifid. Stem-L. linear,
mucronate, quite entire, decurrent. Monte Artesino, Sic. Mtp.
60. fuscata. Phyll. all with similar spines. Fl. solitary, hairless, bracteate. Lower L. lyrate or pinnatipartite. Stem-L. amplexicaid, not decurrent. p. 6. Dry hills. Sic. Sard. B. xanthina, SPRENG. L. scabrous ; upper
spatulato-oblong.
b. Fl. purple. L. not decurrent. 61. adulterina. Phyll. scariose, ciliatolanate, somewhat spinulose, and ending in a straight spine. L. lineari-oblong, acute; upper entire, approaching flower. p. Vercelli, Pdm. Perhaps a hybrid between C. Calcitrapa and paniculata, DC. 62. torreana.
Branches erect. Fl. on short stalks. Spines weak, spreading. Crest 0. L. scabrous, pinnatifid; upper lanceolatolinear, denticulate. b. Monte Gargano.
63. Calcitrapa. Much and diffusely branched. Fl. among the upper L. Spines firm, channeled above. L. pinnatifid. Segm. linear, acute, dentate, Crest 0. a. b. 7-9. Uncult. B. autumnalis. Lower L. bipinnate. Lyons.
Montpellier. 64. myacantha. Diffusely branched. Fl. among the upper L. Appendages ovato-lanceolate. Spines firm. L. undivided, lineari. lanceolate, somewhat asper. Crest 0. cennes near Paris. Not now found.
65. macroacantha. “Crest 0. Central Spine of Phyll. very strong, with 2 or 3 small ones on each side. Inner Phyll. scariose at top, obtuse. Lower L. oblongo-lanceolate, acutely and irregularly inciso-serrate; upper linearilanceolate, spinuloso-serrulate. a. 6, 7. Sandy uncult. Palermo, all'Acqua Santa.”—Guss.
66. Pouzini. Diffusely branched. Spines firm, with 3 rather distant Spinules on each side of the base. Outer Seeds without, inner with, a short crest. L. lineari-lanceolate, inciso-dentate or pinnatitid. b. Dry open. s. Fr.
67. calcitrapoides. Branches divaricate, hairless. Fl. among upper L. Spines firm, channeled. L. pinnate. Segm. lanceolate, acute, serrulate. A short Crest to all the Seeds. b. 7, 8. s, Fr.? Savona. v. Spines palmate: the central one not greatly
larger than the others. Fl. purplish. 68. sphærocephala. Diffuse. Fl. bracteate. Spines 5, somewhat spreading. Outer
Page 20
externally. L. stalked, oblong, cordate at base, * 23. macrorhiza. “ Root thick. Stem acutely dentate. p. 7, 8. Stony mountains. ascending. Fl. terminal and axillary. Buds D. w. Lomb.
erect. Segm. of Cal. acuminate, spreading, 13. Elatines. Pubescent. Stems simple,
half as long as campanulate corolla. Root-L.
small, reniform, dentate, on long stalks ; upper procumbent, tufted. Fl. in a lax raceme. Ger
sessile, lincar, acuminate. p. Rocks. Mont men spherical. Segm. of Cal. lineari-lanceo
Cousson in Prov. Nice. Has altogether the late. Root-L. cordate, acutely dentate, on long stalks ; upper cordate, acuminate, on short
appearance of C. rotundifolia, but is distin
guished by the erect Capsule, reflexed Segm. stalks. p. 5, 6. Fissures of rocks. Pdm.
of Cal., and thick Root.”-DC. Como. Dau. Cherso. 16. garganica. Diffuse. Stem 1-2-flow
c. Flower-stalks recurved. ered, in a lax raceme. Segm. of Cal. spread
* Root-L. and L. of barren shoots much ing, unequal. L. unequally serrate; lower re
broader than those of Stem. niform, on long stalks; middle long, acute, hafted. p.5, 6. Fissures of rocks. Istria.
- 24. rotundifolia. Segm. of Cal. subulate, Monte Gargano.
erect, reaching to one-third of ovate or subtur
binato-campanulate corolla. Fl. panicled. Root** Corolla funnel-shaped.
L. reniform or cordate, dentate, on long stalks. 17. morettiana. Hairy. 1-2-flowered. Stem-L. linear or lanceolate, entire. p. 6–9. Segm. of Cal. lanceolate. L. simply serrate; Heaths, thickets, and dry pastures. Varies in lower cordate, on long stalks. p. 7, 8. Fis.
in being smooth, or more or less hairy, or even sures of rocks. s. Tyrol.
velvety. 18. Raineri. Branches 1-3-flowered. Seg. | 25. pusilla. Segm. of Cal. subulate, erect. of Cal. broadly lanceolate, acuminate, erect, Cor. hemispherico-campanulate. Root-L. reremotely denticulate. Lower L. smaller, obo- niform or cordate, serrate, on long stalks. vate, nearly sessile ; upper ovate, remotely ser- Lower stem-L. elliptic. Rac. few-[3-6]-flowrate. p. 7, 8. Mountains. Lake of Como. ered. p. 6-8. Rocks and gravel of torrents. Brixen.
Alps. *** Corolla campanulate.
B. pubescens. Covered everywhere with
short hairs. 19. fragilis. Diffuse. Corymb lax. Segm. of Cal. lineari-lanceolate, acuminate, erect, 26. Scheuchzeri. Segm, of Cal. subuequalling the very open corolla. Root-L. reni
late, erect. Stem 1-6-flowered. Root-L. ovate form, dentate, on long stalks. Stem-L. ovate
or cordate, on long stalks. Stem L, lineariand lanceolate, nearly all stalked. p. 6. Marit.
lanceolate; upper quite entire. p.7, 8. Mounrocks. K. Nap. Sic.
tain pastures. Alps, &c. When smooth, it is 20. floribunda. Fl. corymbose. Segm.
also C. linifolia of DC. ; when hairy, C. Valof Cal. acuminate, half as long as the broadly
densis of All. [C. uniflora of Vill.] campanulate corolla. L. nearly all stalked, broadly cordate, acute, coarsely serrato-dentate.
27. nemorosa. “Stem simple, erect, rod
like. Root-L. on long stalks, cordate, ovatoStyle exsert. Caps. ovoid. p. 8. Calcareous
oblong, remotely crenate. Stem-L. sessile, rocks. Finale, Capo di Noli in w. Liguria.
lanceolate, repando-sinuate. Rac. lax. Segm. 21. Tenorii. Smooth, decumbent. Fl. of Cal. subulate, half as long as funnel-shaped in a somewhat corymbose raceme. Segm. of
corolla.
p. Woods. Aust. and Mor.” ReCal. lineari-lanceolate, half as long as the broad, sembles C. rhomboidalis B.”—DC.: not in campanulate corolla. L. coriaceous, serrate. Koch. Root-L. somewhat cordate, on long stalks. Stem-L. ovate, acute, stalked. Caps. spherical.
28. carnica. Stem weak, few-flowered. p. 6, 7. Stony. K. Nap.
Segm. of Cal. lineari-setaceous, reflexed, equal
ling corolla. Root-L. cordate, dentate, on long 22. pyramidalis. Smooth, erect. Fl.
stalks; uppermost linear, very narrow. p. numerous, in a pyramidal raceme. Cal. Segm.
6,7. Mountain rocks. Carn. Carinthia. acuminate, spreading, half as long as the broad, campanulate corolla. L. glanduloso-dentate : 29. cæspitosa. Segm. of Cal. subulate. lower somewhat cordate, on long stalks ; upper
Cor. somewhat contracted below the divisions. ovato-lanceolate. b. 7-9. Walls and rocky Stalks 1-3-flowered. Root and lower L. obohills. adr. G. Ven.
vate, on a haft, hardly as long as L. Upper
Page 21
519. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS.
racemes. L. in fours or fives, linear.
9, 10. Calcareous rocks. mdt. Fr. It. 1. alpina. Procumbent. L. deciduous, obovate, acutely serrate. Rac. terminal. Bracts 5. vagans. Lobes of Anthers separate to ovate, broad, ciliate. s.S. 5–7. Dry stony
base. Cor. ovoideo-campanulate. Border small. mountains. Alps.
Mouth direct. Sep. ovate, finely ciliate, ser
rate. Fl. in racemes. L. in fours or fives, 2. Uva-Ursi. Procumbent. L. coriaceous, linear. S.S. 4-9 in different places. Heaths persistent, obovate, quite entire. Rac. termi- and thickets. Cornwall. s. Fr. adr. G. It. nal. Bracts obtuse, very small. s.S. 5, 6. Rocks and stony heaths. m. and n. Eur.
6. scoparia. Border of globose Cor, uearly as long as tube. Sep, united at base. L. in
threes, linear. S. 5, 6. 8. and w. Eur. Bar 520. ANDROMEDA.
le Duc. 1. polifolia. Rac. terminal. L. alternate,
7. sicula. Fl. in terminal umbels. Cor. lineari-lanceolate, revolute, glaucous beneath.
urceolato-campanulate, hairy externally. Stig. w. 6, 7. Bogs. m. and n. Eur.
ma small, capitate. L. in fours, thick. Fl.
and Fr. sometimes with 5 Div. and 10 Sta521. CASSANDRA.
mens, s.S. 4, 5. Rocks. Trapani. 1. calyculata. L. ovato-oblong, flat, scaly ii. Anthers with Appendage at base. on both sides. Segm. of Cal. hardly acute. B 8. Tetralix. Fl. in terminal umbels. Cor. s.S. 4, 5. Bogs. Greifswald in Pom.
urceolato-ovoid. Sep. ovato-lanceolate, downy.
Stigma capitate. Germen downy. L. in threes 522. CALLUNA.
or fours, ciliato-hispid, with rounded margin. 1. vulgaris. L. opposite, tiled in 4 rows.
s.S. 7-9. Peaty. n. and w. Eur. Bracts 6, close to calyx: the 4 outer leafy.
B. Mackaii. More branched. Sep. and s.S. 8. Heaths, &c. n. and m. Eur.
Germen quite hairless.
9. stricta. Fl. in umbels. Sep. lanceo523. ERICA.
late, obtuse. Cor. oblongo-ovate. Germen
hirsute. L. in fours, oblong, obtuse, fleshy, A. Anthers confluent with top of Filaments. No Appendage.
hairless. S.S. 5, 6. Woody mountains. Cors.
Sard. K. Nap. 1. occidentalis. Stigma minute. Anthers nearly included. Cor. urceolate. Bracts
10. cinerea. Stigma capitate. Anthers smooth, remote. A broad, blunt midrib under awned, included. Cor. ovoid. Sep. linearisome of L. S.S. 4, 5. w. Ir. w. Fr. E. medi
lanceolate, acute. Fl. in a somewhat whorled
raceme. terranea, LINN. is
L, in threes, linear, hairless, conver,
with a furrow beneath. s.S. 6-8. Heaths. 2. carnea. Stigma minute. Anthers pro- Br. Fr. Only in one place in G. truded. Cor. urceolato-campanulate. Bracts small, remote. L. with a narrow, acute mid
11. polytrichifolia. Stigma peltate. Anrib underneath. s.S. 4, 5. Mountains. Sw.
thers with a hispid awn at base. . Cor. cylinand n. It. to Sil.
drico-tubinate, about 4 times as long as ovate
sepals. Fl. in racemes. Fl. included in the green
L. in threes, linear, B. herbacea.
obtuse. S. 5. Heaths. calyx, 9-10.
12. arborea. Stigma peltate. Anthers B. Anthers placed laterally on top of Fila- with a serrato-ciliate crest at base. Cor. camments.
panulato-turbinate, about three times as long i. Anthers without any Appendage. as ovate sepals. Fl. in racemes. L. in threes, 3. ciliaris. Cor. ovoid. Border small.
linear. S. 4-6. Thickets. adr. G. It. Mouth oblique.
Sepals awned. Fl. in ra. cemes. Branches glanduloso-hispid. L. in
524. PHYLLODOCE. threes, elliptic. s.S. Heaths.
1. cærulea Fil. smooth, 3 times as long 4. multiflora. Anthers oblong, cloven. as anthers. Div. of Cal. lanceolate, acuminate. Cor. ovoid. Border smooth. Mouth direct. Stalks with glandular hairs. s.S. 6, 7. Sepals lanceolate, obtuse, quite entire. Fl. in Heaths. Scotl. Bagnères de Luchon.
Page 22
tire at the base, sharply serrulate at top, mucronate. S.T. Sic. Il Pizzo, Cal.
stalked, cuspidate, obtusely denticulate. Fi. panicled. S.T. 5. Woods. Als. Prov. s. G. Italy.
B. Flowers naked. 2. parvifolia. Lts, sessile, 3–7 pair, subrotundo-ovate or oblong, attenuate, quite en
3. excelsior. Lts. sessile, lanceolate, serrate. I.T. 4, 5. Woods and hedges : common.
B. heterophylla. Many of the L. simple.
Fruit of 2 follicles, each of 1 cell, bursting on the inside. Seeds imbricate, pendulous on margin of follicle. Styles 2, at base uniting in a common Stigma. 540. NERIUM.
all broader than long. Div. of Cor. lanceo
late. Stalk as long as L. p. Coasts. mdt. 1. Oleander. L. in threes, lanceolate : Fr. Rochelle. veins parallel. Div. of Cal. spreading. Teeth of Crown trifid. S. 7-9. Beds of torrents 2. acutum. Twisting. L. deeply cordate, near the sea. Nice. Prov. Monte Argentario.
acuminate; the lower longer than broad. Sic. Sard. Cors.
Div. of Cor. oblongo-lanceolate. Stalk shorter
than L. p. 6-9. Shores. Nice. Ven. Cal. 541. VINCA.
Sic.--BERT.
These two species do not seem to me well 1. major. Procumbent, creeping. L. ovate
described. The specimens I have from Montor semicordate, ciliate. Stalks solitary, l.
pellier have a triangular outline to the L., with flowered. Div. of Cal. long, bristle-shaped,
a deep narrow sinus at the base, and someciliate. p. 5. Woody hills. s. and w. Fr.
times a small point, but no proper acumen. 2. acutiflora. Decumbent or ascending.
Those from Sicily have a L. with a rounded L. ovate, attenuate at each end, hairless. Segm.
outline, a much broader sinus at the base, and of Cal. linear, narrow, hairless ; [of Cor. ob
a large acumen. liquely ovato-acuminate, Bert.] p. 3,4. Hills.
B. Crown without appendages. Sarzana. Rome. Sard.
3. Vincetoxicum. Erect. Middle L. 3. minor. Procumbent, creeping. L. el- cordate, largely acuminate, ciliate. Cor. beardliptico-lanceolate, not ciliate. Stalks 1 flow- less. Segm. ovate. Lobes of Crown 5, not ered, solitary, axillary. Segm. of Cal. lanceo- touching, but connected by a pellucid memlate, hairless. p. 5. Bushy, and woods. brane. p. 7, 8. Rocky hills. Fr. G. It. 4. herbacea. Stems many, procumbent,
4. laxum. Stem nearly erect. Middle L. not rooting. Lower L. ovate; upper lanceo
oblongo-lanceolate, on a cordate base, aculate. Div. of Cal. ciliate. Young L. rough
minate, ciliate? Cor. beardless. Segments on margin. p. 4, 5. Open hills. Bisamberg oblong, with reflexed margin. Lobes of the near Vienna.
Crown 5, not touching, but connected by a
pellucid membrane. p. 7, 8. Warm. Carn. 542. APOCYNUM.
-Koch.
5. contiguum. Stem erect. Middle L. 1. venetum. Stem spreading. L. oblongolanceolate, obtuse, mucronate, rough on edge.
cordate, acuminate, ciliate. Cor. beardless. Fl. in a panicle. Cor. downy.
Lobes of the Crown 5, close together, pot Shore. Ven. Trieste.
connected by a membrane. p. 5–7. Meadows. Trieste. Istr.-Koch.
543. CYNANCHUM. A. Crown with 5 interior appendages. 1. monspeliacum. Stem twisting, herba
L. reniformi-cordate, acute, smooth,
6. nigrum. Stem twisting at top. L. ovate, acute, bearded at base. Rac. terminal. Cor. bearded. Crown acutely 10-cleft. Fl. dark purple. p. 5-9. Barren hills. mdt. Fr. Nice.
Page 23
stalked. Root-L. cordate. Upper stem-L. L. on long stalks. Lower Fl. bracteate. ovato-lanceolate. Rac. in pairs, few-flowered. 4, 5. Dry. Sard. Cors. Mars. P. 4, 5. Shade. Salzb. 1. Sty. Carn. Pdm.
B. Hairs of Calyx spreading ; those of base
hooked. 566. ECHINOSPERMUM.
i. Plant perennial or biennial, or at least re1. Lappula. Cal. of Fr. erect. Div. stel. maining and flowering for a long time. late. Margin of Seeds with a double row of X 8. alpestris. Cal. of Fr. shorter than asglochidiate prickles. a. 5, 6. It.
cending stalk, narrowed at base. Teeth longer 2. deflexum. Fr.-stalks recurved. Margin
than tube, spreading. Border of Cor. flat, of seeds with a simple series of glochidiate
longer than tube. Root-L. on long, narrow prickes united at base. a. b. 7, 8. Stony
stalks. p. 7, 8. Mountains. mountain woods. e. G. Vall, Cimone di Fa- 9. sylvatica. Cal. of Fr. shorter than nomo. Modena.
spreading stalks, rounded at base. Teeth
longer than tube, connivent. Border of Cor. 567. MYOSOTIS.
flat, longer than tube. Root-L. on short, A. Hairs of Calyx straight, adpressed.
broad stalks. b. or p. 6, 7. Woods. i. Calyx of Fruit shorter than stalks.
10. arvensis. Cal. of Fr. shorter than 1. palustris. Cal. of Fr. open. Stalks
divergent stalks. Teeth equal to tube. Border divergent. Teeth not half as long as tube.
of Cor. concave, equalling tube. a. or b. 6-9.
Fields and uncult. Border of Cor. flat, longer than tube. Style about as long as calyx. p. 6–8. Water.
11. variabilis. Cal. of Fr. closed, as long
as stalk. Segm. longer than tube. Tube of 2. repens. Cal. of Fr. open. Stalks di
Cor. at last twice as long as calyx. Anthers vergent. Segm. acute, as long as tube. Bor
exsert! b. 6? Woods. Rottenmanner Tauern. der of Cor. flat, longer than tube. Hairs of
Styria. Stem spreading. p. 6-8. Wet peaty. Br. G.
ii. Plant annual, flowering and quickly dis3. cæspitosa. Cal. of Fr. open. Stalks
appearing. divergent. Segm. obtuse, as long as tube.
12. collina. Border of Cor. concave, as long as tube.
Cal. of Fr. campanulate, as Hairs of Stem [if any] adpressed. p. or b.
long as divergent stalks. Div. equalling tube. 6-8. Wet. Br. Bel. G.
Border of Cor. concave, shorter than tube.
a. 3-5. Sandy banks. 4. micrantha. “Stem rooting at base. L. lanceolato-lingulate, obtuse, 3-nerved. Cal.
13. versicolor. Cal of Fr. closed, longer semiquinquefid, obtuse, with adpressed bristles
than spreading stalks. Div. longer than tube.
Border of Cor. shorter than exsert tube. Rac. in fruit, gaping, top-shaped, about equal to the somewhat deflexed stalks. Tube of Cor.
quite separate from L. a. 5, 6. Sandy. The longer than concave border. a. 4, 5. Pools. Fl. open when yet turned downwards, and are Sic.”- BERT.
at first quite yellow. 5. incrassata. Cal. of Fr. as short or
14. stricta. Cal. of Fr. closed, as long as shorter than club - shaped! stalks. Segm.
stalk. Div. longer than tube. Tube of Cor. equalling tube, connivent, somewhat acute.
included in calyx. Rac. leafy at the base. a. Cor. hardly exceeding calyx. a. 4,5. Plashes.
4, 5. Sandy uncult. G. Sicily.
15. sparsiflora. Cal. of Fr. closed, deeply
divided. Lower Stalks bent down, many times ii. Calyx of Fruit as long as, or longer than longer than calyx. Rac. few-flowered, leafy at stalks.
base. a. 5, 6, Woods and moist thickets. 6. multiflora. Cal. of Fr. as long as Germany. spreading stalks, half open. Segm. obtuse, as long as tube. Cor. short.
568. ERITRICHUM. a. Sandy. central France.
1. nanam. Margin of Fr. fringed with 7. pusilla. Cal. of Fr. campanulate, longer
small prickles. Hairs of Cal. spreading, straight. than spreading stalks. Segm. longer than tube.
p. 7, 8. Very high granitic. S. Alps. Border of Cor. much shorter than tube. Root- B. Hacquetii, Koch, ed. 1. Margin of Fr.
Page 24
minate, attenuate, with auricle on each side of
589. VERBASCUM. stalk. Tube of Cor. slender, twice calyx.
A. Anthers decurrent. Segm. acuminate. p. 5. Nat. Orosei, Sard.
i. L. decurrent to below next L. Sp. 1, 2. 2. rustica. L. ovate, stalked, entire. Tube
ii. L. decurrent, but not to below next L. of Cor. equalling calyx. Segments of Border obtuse. a. 7, 8. Nat. Cavallino near
a. Anthers shortly decurrent. Sp. 3. Venice.
b. Anthers very decurrent. Sp. 4-8.
iii. L. not decurrent. Flowers yellow. 586. DATURA.
Hairs of Filaments purple. Sp. 9–11. 1. ferox. L. ovate, unequally sinuato-den- B. Anthers all reniform, nearly equal. tate. Caps. oblong, erect. Spines thick; the
i. Raceme nearly simple. Sp. 12-17. uppermost large and converging. a. 7, 8.
ii. Raceme panicled. Rich. Messina.
a. Flowers nearly sessile. Sp. 18, 19. 2. Stramonium. L. ovate, unequally sinu- b. Stalks at least as long as calyx. ato-dentato. Caps. oblong, erect. Spines
* Hairs of Filaments white. Sp. numerous, nearly equal. a. 6-9. Rich. Eng.
20-23. Fr. G. It.
** Hairs of Filaments purple. Sp. B. Tatula. Stem, Stalks and Nerves of L.,
24, 25. Cal., and Cor., tinged with violet.
iii. Flowers axillary, solitary. Sp. 26. 3. Metel. Pubescent. L. ovate, acute, nearly entire. Caps. globose, cernuous, with A. Anthers decurrent on the two longer Filashort and remote spines. a. Spring Sandy.
ments. Messina. Flumendosa Ballau in Sard.
i. L. decurrent to below next L., forming 4. lævis. L. ovate, hairless, angulato-den
3-5 wings to stalk. tate. Caps. erect, without spines.
-1. Thapsus. Woolly, soft. Longer Fil. Palermo.
four times as long as shortly decurrent anthers.
Cor. twice calyx. Throat concave. Rac. spike587. HYOSCYAMUS.
like. L. elliptic. b. 6-9. Uncult. 1. niger. L. oblong, acuminate, with 2. thapsiforme. Soft, woolly. Longer coarse, acute teeth ; upper sessile, amplexicaul. Fil. twice as long as very decurrent anthers. Fl. approximate, nearly sessile. Caps. secund. Cor. four times calyx, nearly flat. Rac. spikea. b. 5-8. Rich.
like. L. elliptic. b. 7, 8. Uncult.
s. Europe. 2. albus. L. ovate, sinuato-dentate or lobed; all stalked. Fl. distant, nearly sessile.
ii. L. decurrent, but not below next L. Cal. with many striæ. a. b. 5, 6. Rich. mdt. Fr. It. Istria.
a. Anthers shortly decurrent.
3. montanum. Wool yellowish. Cor. 3. aureus. L. stalked, dentate, acute. Fl.
twice calyx. Throat concave. Rac. spikestalked. Fruit drooping. b. Rich. Nice ?
like. Root-L. obvato-oblong. b. 7, 8. Warm Montp.? Narbonne. Bert. unites this to H.
woods. Vall. albus.
b. Anthers very decurrent. 4. auriculatus. L. ovato-oblong, dentate. Stalks of the lower auricled at base!
4. Bertolonii. Wool yellowish. Cor. four Mountains. e. of Naples.
times calyx, rotate. Rac. rather lax, spike
like. L. ovato-oblong. Wings cuneate. b. 588. SCOPOLINA.
7-9. Apenn.
5. phlomoides. Wool yellow. Div. of 1. atropoides. Cor. tubuloso-campanulate.
Cor. round, four times calyx. Rac, nearly Fl. brown and shining externally, dull within.
simple. Fl. in remote tufts on short stalks. p. 4, 5. Shade. Carn.
Hairs of Anthers whitish. L. woolly on both 2. viridiflora. Cor. obovato-campanulate, sides. Root-L. oblong, stalked ; upper somegreen. p. 4, 5. Mountain woods. Mt. Schem- what decurrent, the ring rounded. b. 6-8. lje, Carniola.
Fr. G. It.
Page 25
sometimes cordate, amplexicaul. b. 7, 8. Grassy kills and openings in woods. lower Austr.
21. Gussonii. “Greenish, tomentosopulverulent. Lower L. stalked, obovato-oblong, sinuato-duplicato - dentate; uppermost ovate, acuminate, denticulate, somewhat decurrent. Rac. pyramidal. Clusters scattered, manyflowered. b. 5, 6. Sandy hills. On Rio Nisi, Sicily.”—Guss. - 22. pulverulentum. Floccose on both sides of L. Stem terete. Branches somewhat angular. Pan. spreading. Clusters many-tlowered. Cal. small. Div. narrow lanceolate. Lower L. attenuate; upper sessile, sometimes amplexicaul. b. 7, 8. Open hills and uncult. Rare in Eng. X-23. Lychnitis. Mealy. L. greenish above: lower attenuate; upper sessile. Stem angular. Pan. pyramidal. Branches erecto-patent. Clusters many-flowered. Fl. white or yellow. b. 6-8. Slony hills.
** Hairs of Filaments purple. 24. Chaixii. Tomentum thin, whitish. Clusters las, many-flowered. Lower L. cuneate at base, green [somewhat lyrate, Koch]; upper sessile, rounded at base. b.6, 7. lower Alps.
-25. nigrum. Tomentum thin. Stem angular at top. Rac. nearly simple, long. Clusters las, many-flowered. Lower L. cordate, on long stalks ; upper nearly sessile, rounded at base. b. 7, 8. Woods and uncult.
iii. Flowers axillary, solitary. 26. phoeniceum. Rac. with glandular hairs, nearly simple. Stalks many times longer than calyx. L. bairless above. Root-L. ovate or oblong, attenuate. Stem-L. few and small. b. 6, 7. Open hills.
In addition to these, Hybrids are frequently found, some of which have been described. I copy the following from Koch :a. L. semidecurrent. Flowers yellow.
* Hairs of Filaments white. 1. Thapso-Lychnitis [spurium, Koch, ed. 1]. L. hoary with adpressedtomentum. Stem sharply angular at top. Anthers equal, not decurrent. All Fil. woolly. b. 7, 8. Uncult. hills. Offenbach in the Palat.
2. thapsiformi-Lychnitis [ramigerum, Schr.] L. hoary with adpressed tomentum. Stem sharply angular at top. Fl.-stalks clustered, longer than calyx. All Fil. woolly. Anthers
unequal : the longer decurrent. b. 6, 7. Pastures and uncult. G. occ.
** Hairs of Filaments purple. 3. thapsiformi-floccosum [nothum, Koch, ed. 1]. Stem terete. Clusters many-flowered. Hairs of Fil. white, or the longer ones purple. Anthers of longer Fil. somewhat decurrent. b. 7, 8. Uncult. Maintz.
4. Thapso nigrum [collinum, Scur.]. Stem acutely angular at top. Clusters of about 5 flowers, on stalks as long as calyx. Anthers equal. All Fil. with purple wool. b. 7, 8. Stony shade. G. occ.
5. thapsiformi-nigrum [adulterinum, Koch]. Upper L. cuspidate. Stem acutely angular at top. Clusters of 5-7 flowers, on stalks as long as calyx. Anthers of longer Fil. decurrent. All Fil. with purple wool. b. 7, 8. Pastures and grarel. G. occ. b. L. shortly decurrent. Flowers reddish
brown. Hairs of Filaments purple. 6. Thapso-phoniceum [versiflorum, Schr.]. Stem terete. Stalks of Fl. half as long again as calyx ; of Fr. nearly three times as long. Anthers of longer Fil, somewhat decurrent. b. 7, 8. Uncult. Prague. c. L. not decurrent. Flowers in clusters.
7. Lychnitidi - floccosum [pulverulentum, Vill.?]. L. slightly tomentose above, densely beneath ; upper sessile. Branches and upper part of Stem obtusely angular. Rac. panicled. Fl. in clusters, yellow. Spreading Hairs of Fil. white. b. 7, 8. Uncult. Als, and Maintz.
8. nigro-floccosum [schottianum, Schr.]. L. crenate, toinentose on both sides. Root-L. ovali-oblong, stalked. Upper Sten-L. cordate, semiamplexicaul. Rac. panicled. Fl. in clusters, yellow. Stalks twice as long as calyx. Hairs of Fil. purple. b. 7, 8. Uncult. G. occ.
9. nigro-Lychnitis [Schiedianum, Koch]. Lower L. obtuse at base, contracted into a long stalk. Stem sharply angular at top. Rac. long. Fl. in clusters, yellow. Stalk twice as long as calyx. Hairs of Fil. purple. G. occ.
10. nigro - phoeniceum [rubiginosum, W. and K.]. Rac. panicled. Fl. in clusters, brown. Stalk many times longer than calyx. Hairs of Anthers purple. b. 6, 7. Fields. Brünn in Moravia. Montreux on Lake of Geneva. d. L. not decurrent. Flowers solitary or in
pairs, yellow. 11. Lychnitidi-Blattaria [pseudo-Blattaria, Schl.]. Branches rod-like, and with Cal, and
Page 26
600. WULFENIA.
602. PEDEROTA. 1. carinthiacà. L. oblong, doubly cre- 1. Ageria. Div. of Cor. erect, exceeding nate or somewhat lobed, attenuate. Stalks stamens. Div. of Cal. lineari-lanceolate. Lower much shorter than calyx. p.7. V. of Gail- L. ovate. p. 6, 7. Calc. rocks. Sty. Carn.
2. Bonarota. Div. of Cor. somewhat
spreading, shorter than stamens. Div. of Cal. 601. DIGITALIS.
lineari-subulate. Lower L. orbicular. p.6,7. A. Tube about as long as middle division of
Alps of lower Sty., Carinthia, and n. It. lower lip of corolla.
603. VERONICA. 1. ferruginea. Cor. broadly campanulate. Middle Div. of lower Lip and Div. of A. Raceme spike-like, terminal.
Sp. 1-3. Cal. very obtuse: the latter with broad mem- B. Raceme spike-like, lateral. Sp. 4, 5. branons margin. L. oblongo-lanceolate, smooth.
C. Raceme at first corymbose, lateral. b. 7, 8. Warm stony. Carn, adr. G.
i. Calyx 4-partite. 2. lævigata. Smooth. Middle Div. of
a. Valves of Fruit bipartite, separating lower Lip of broadly campanulate Cor., and
at least on one side from placenta. Div. of Cal. acuminate. L. lanceolate, remotely
Sp. 6-9. denticulate, somewhat ciliate.
p. or b. 7.
b. Valves of Fruit closely adhering to Stony hills. Inner Carn. Fiume.
placenta. Sp. 10–14. B. Tube twice as long as middle division of ii. Calyx with a small fifth tooth. Sp.15–17. lower lip of corolla.
D. Corymb terminal. 3. grandiflora. Cor. broadly campanu- i. Seeds lenticular or plano-convex. late, glanduloso-pubescent. Div. of Cal. lanceolate, acute. L. oblongo-lanceolate, serrulate,
a. Stem woody at base. Sp. 18, 19. ciliate. Cor. yellow, with net-work internally
b. Stem herbaceous, decumbent, perenof brown veins. p. 6, 7. Stony hills. m. Eur.
nial. Sp. 20-25, 4. purpurea. Cor. broadly campanulate,
c. Stems erect, annual. externally quite smooth. Div. of Cal. ovate,
* Flower-stalk shorter than calyx. Sp. acuminate. L. ovato-lanceolate, crenate, downy
26-29. beneath. 6. 7,8. Woods and thickets.
** Flower-stalk longer than calyx. 5. Thapsi. “Stem-L. lanceolate, serrate or
Sp. 30. nearly entire, shortly decurrent, downy beneath. ii. Seeds concave. Sp. 31, 32. Lower Stalks longer than calyx. p. 5, 6. E. Plants annual. Stems prostrate. Flowers Moist hills. Sard. Cors.”-BERT.
axillary, solitary. Fruit-stalk recurved. 6. purpurascens. Cor. tubuloso-cam- i. L. not lobed. Sp. 33-36. panulate, externally smooth. Middle Div. twice ii. L. lobed. Sp. 37, 38. as long as the lateral Div. of calyx, ovato-lanceolate [3-nerved, Koch]. L. lanceolate, ser
A. Raceme spike-like, terminal. Tube of rulate. b. 6-8. Porphyritic mountains.
Corolla wider than long! Rhine. Vosges.
1. panicul L. opposite or ternate,
lanceolate, acute, attenuate into short stalk, 7. lutea. Cor. tubular, smooth externally. equally and acutely serrate. Stalk longer than Middle Div. half as long again as lateral. Div. calyx. p. 7. Shade. Halle in Thuringia. of Cal. lanceolate, acute [1-nerved, Koch]. L. lanceolate, denticulate. b. 6-8.
B. ticinensis, Pollini. Upper L. linear.
Calc. hills. m. and s. Eur.
Gravillone. Canton of Tessin.
g. elegans, DC. More slender, and much media appears to be a hybrid between D.
branched. L. downy on both sides. Verviers. grandiflora and D. lutea. fuscescens, between D. grandiflora and le
2. longifolia. L. stalked, opposite or tervigata; but there seems nothing in the descrip
nate, lanceolate, on a rounded or cordate base, tion to distinguish it from D. grandiflora, ex
acute, serrate to the end. Stalk about equal to cept that the L. are small and remotely denti
calyx. p. 7, 8. Moist meadows. m. and e. Eur. culate, instead of serrated.
3. spicata. L. stalked, opposite, rarely