The first part of a book review should include brainly

Munchausen Syndrome [MS] is a chronic psychological disorder where sufferers intentionally fabricate illness or injury with the purpose of assuming the sick role. There are many serious consequences of the actions by MS sufferers and therefore early diagnosis is crucial. MS however is an inherently complex disorder and there are no established means of diagnosis.These sentences provide brief background information, including the gaps in the literature that the review aims to address. This review examines the use of a multidisciplinary approach for the diagnosis of MS which requires the cooperation of the primary physician, the laboratory and a psychiatrist.This sentence describes the purpose and scope of the review. Providing specific information as to what your review covers helps your readers determine whether your review is useful for their research. Findings of this review indicate that each of these parties have an essential and unique role to play in overcoming the diagnostic challenges of MS and this supports the use of a multidisciplinary approach. Additionally this is only achieved through open communication and information sharing between these different health care professionals.These sentences summarise the main findings and how they relate to the broader context.

The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide [CO2] has been increasing throughout recent history. It was steady at 280ppm until the industrial revolution [Wrobelwitz et al. 2013], after which it began rising, reaching just over 400ppm currently [Block et al. 2017]. This change in concentration of CO2 is predicted to significantly impact the global environment [Fang et al. 2017]. Both precipitation levels and mean temperatures are expected to change as a result of such increases [Fang et al. 2017] which, coupled with the expectation of a growing population [Challinor et al. 2014], could heavily burden the ability of the global agricultural infrastructure to provide. These sentences introduce the topic broadly, include relevant background information and explain key concepts. Show/hide comment 2 These abiotic challenges are expected to impact growth speed, quality and yield of staple crops like wheat [Wroblewitz et al. 2013]. Wheat is a source of food for over 90% of the global population [Cai et al. 2016] and provides 4.5 billion people with their necessary daily protein [Dubey et al. 2014]. The importance this crop holds for the global population establishes the necessity for it to be able to thrive in a future climate. These sentences provide key information that is relevant to the specific topic and explain the importance of the topic. Show/hide comment 3 Therefore, this review aims to directly assess how global wheat crops will react to a rise in environmental CO2 and guide research of mitigation of any challenges wheat may face.This sentence states the aim [or purpose] of the literature review. Notice that the specific aim is provided after general background and relevance to topic, close to the end of the introduction. Show/hide comment 4Firstly crop growth will be explored, then crop yield and finally yield quality within an environment of elevated CO2.The sentence outlines the scope - the key points that will be discussed in the body of the review.

Multiple studies have found evidence supporting an increase in crop growth in an environment of elevated CO2. In their research, Cai et al. [2016] attributed this to enhanced leaf photosynthesis in C3 species like wheat when exposed to such an increase in the concentration of CO2 in the ambient air. In addition, Hӧgy and Frangmeier [2008] observed an acceleration of wheat growth productivity under CO2 enrichment, the amplification of these processes ultimately leading to enhanced crop growth. Wang et al. [2016] supported these studies, completing a research project of wheat growth under elevated atmospheres of CO2 concentrations up to 500ppm.This paragraph describes similar findings from multiple literature sources. Note the language used to highlight the fact that these are all similar findings, including multiple studies, in addition and supported these studies. Comparing wheat crop growth under elevated CO2 conditions with those in ambient conditions, Wang et al. [2016] were able to significantly demonstrate that increases in atmospheric carbon could improve grain growth up to 8%.

However, with CO2 elevation comes a myriad of other abiotic factors, including a rise in average temperature [Dahal et al., 2014].The use of the word however indicates to the reader that this paragraph presents contrasting findings to the previous paragraph. In this case, the first paragraph discussed findings of increased wheat growth in the presence of increased CO2. The second paragraph discusses multiple findings that show negative effects on wheat quality at higher temperatures, which are associated with increased CO2. During an experiment of wheat growth in CO2 rich atmospheres by Hӧgy et al. [2009] the plants experienced a growing season with a mean temperature 1.8 higher than in previous years. Concurrently the crop experiences a shorter growth period, finishing their growth cycle earlier than normal. The rise in temperature, while hastening growth time, had a negative effect on crop yield and quality, suggesting that while elevated CO2 may increase growth processes, accompanying abiotic influences such as temperature increases may be detrimental to crop growth. Asseng et al. [2013] supported this, contending that their predictive models indicate negative overall impacts on wheat crops at higher levels of warming as a result of CO2 increases. Fang et al. [2017] recently completed innovative research into the management of crop sensitivity to temperature change through genetic selection but more inquiry into such mitigation of temperature damage to crop growth is important to agricultural success in future climates.

In order to carry out self-regulation, patients must be able and encouraged to exert their autonomy, and be supported in such a way that they develop internalised motivations to do so, as suggested by SDT. Gourlan et al. [2014] supports this, demonstrating that amongst obese adolescents, incidence of physical activity was increased when individuals experienced a supervised exercise session that supported their autonomous needs. Patients were assumed to have performed such self-regulation due to the intrinsic origin of motivation to complete such tasks [Gourlan et al., 2014]. However not all literature supports this conclusion. Sripada et al. [2016] presents contrary evidence, demonstrating that no aspects of SDT needs [i.e. autonomy, competence, relatedness and intrinsic motivation] are related to treatment adherence, which requires an element of self-regulation.This paragraph describes some discrepancy between different findings related to Self-Determination Theory needs [including motivation and autonomy] and the maintenance of healthy behaviours such as exercise and treatment adherence.

This review aimed to examine the emotional perception of self and others, and assessed the neurobiological underpinnings of Narcissistic Personality Disorder [NPD] in an attempt to improve understanding of the characteristics and development of the disorder. While findings are relatively inconsistent in regards to self-esteem in NPD, there is a definite influence of narcissistic traits [grandiosity, self-worth etc.] on the overall perception of self. Linking to impaired self-perception, NPD individuals also showed decreased ability to perceive and process the emotions of others. The presence of physical neural deficiencies provides a model which offers explanation for the previous two characteristics of NPD, as deficits in the prefrontal cortex have been linked to the impairment of emotional processing.These sentences restate the research aim and demonstrate how the review has achieved the aim, as well as the key points that were discussed in the body. Show/hide comment 2 It is proposed that future studies could further examine the role of the brain in reaction to various narcissistic traits, allowing for more specific identification of impaired neural structures as well as the development of intervention and treatment techniques. As positive emotion was found to be counter-transferrable and also beneficial to both therapists and NPD patients, developing therapies based around emotionally nourishing environments may decrease NPD traits and provide a stepping stone towards permanent treatment options.These sentences provide recommendations for future studies and research based on the findings of this review.