What are the perspectives of deviance?

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

About the Authors

Chapter 1. Introduction to Deviance

The Sociological Imagination

The Importance of Theory and Its Relationship to Research

Global Perspectives on Deviance

Explaining Deviance in the Streets and Deviance in the Suites

Conclusion: Organization of the Book

Exercises and Discussion Questions

Chapter 2. The Diversity of Deviance

Deviance and Its Varied Forms

Physical Deviance and Appearance: Ideals of Beauty, Self-Harm, and Body Modification

Relationships and Deviance

Deviance in Cyberspace: Making Up the Norms as We Go

Elite Deviance, Corporate Deviance, and Workplace Misconduct

Global Perspectives on Types of Deviance

Explaining Deviance in the Streets and Deviance in the Suites: The Cases of Addiction, Prostitution, and Graffiti

Ideas in Action: Guerrilla Gardening in Low-Income Areas

Question: So Who Are the Deviants? Answer: It Depends on Whom You Ask

Exercises and Discussion Questions

Chapter 3. Researching Deviance

Methodological Approaches to Studying Deviance

Ethical Considerations in Studying Deviance

Global Perspectives on Trials and Tribulations Involved in Researching Deviance Across the Globe

Explaining Deviance in the Streets and Deviance in the Suites: Using Content Analysis to Study Deviants Among the Business Elite and Street Bikers

Ideas in Action: Evaluating Programs and Policy

Exercises and Discussion Questions

Chapter 4. Anomie/Strain Theory

Development of Anomie/Strain Theory

Robert Merton and Adaptations to Anomie/Strain

Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin, Differential Opportunity

Albert Cohen, Delinquent Boys

Robert Agnew, General Strain Theory

Messner and Rosenfeld, Crime and the American Dream— Institutional Anomie Theory

Application of Anomie and Strain Theories

Critiques of Anomie and Strain Theories

Global Perspectives on Anomie/Strain Theory

Explaining Deviance in the Streets and Deviance in the Suites: The Occupy Wall Street Movement

Ideas in Action: Transforming Innovation Into Conformity and Legitimate Success

Exercises and Discussion Questions

Chapter 5. Social Disorganization Theory

Development of Social Disorganization Theory

Shaw and McKay’s Study of Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas

Critiques of Social Disorganization Theory

Rebirth of Social Disorganization Theory

Empirical Tests of Social Disorganization Theory

Global Perspectives on Social Disorganization Theory

Tests of Social Disorganization in Cities Outside the United States

More Theoretical and Empirical Advances and Divergences: Social and Physical Disorder

Explaining Deviance in the Streets and Deviance in the Suites With Social Disorganization Theory

Ideas in Action: Programs and Policy From Social Disorganization and Broken Windows Perspectives

Exercises and Discussion Questions

Chapter 6. Differential Association and Social Learning Theories

Development of Differential Association Theory

Development of Akers’s Social Learning Theory

Social Structure and Social Learning

Application of Differential Association and Social Learning

Critiques of Differential Association and Social Learning Theories

Cultural Deviance Theory and Subcultural Explanations of Deviance

Explaining Deviance in the Streets and Deviance in the Suites: Dating Violence

Ideas in Action: Programs and Policy From a Social Learning Perspective

Global Perspectives on Testing Differential Association and Social Learning Theories Outside the United States

Exercises and Discussion Questions

Chapter 7. Social Control Theories of Deviance

Development of Social Control Theory

Contemporary Additions to Social Control Theory

Application of Social Control Theories

Critiques of Social Control Theories

Global Perspectives on Deviance and Social Control Theories

Explaining Deviance in the Streets and Deviance in the Suites: The Cases of Teenage Homelessness and Medical Deviance by Doctors

Ideas in Action: Homeboy Industries

Exercises and Discussion Questions

Chapter 8. Labeling Theory

Development of Labeling Theory

How the Labeling Process Works

Labeling and Mental Illness

Application of Labeling Theory

Impact of Labeling Theory

Critiques of Labeling Theory

Global Perspectives on Labeling Theory

Explaining Deviance in the Streets and Deviance in the Suites: Considering Drinking—and Not Drinking—on College Campuses

Ideas in Action: The “I Have a Dream” Foundation—Instilling Positive Labels

Exercises and Discussion Questions

Chapter 9. Marxist and Conflict Theories of Deviance

Development of Marxist Theory

Development of Conflict Theory

Applications of Marxist and Conflict Theories

Critiques of Marxist and Conflict Theories

Global Perspectives on Deviance and Marxist/Conflict Theories

Explaining Deviance in the Streets and Deviance in the Suites: Human Trafficking: Crossing Boundaries and Borders

Ideas in Action: What Can Be Done About Human Trafficking?

Exercises and Discussion Questions

Chapter 10. Critical Theories of Deviance

Development of Feminist Criminology

Development of Critical Race Theory

Development of Peacemaking

Critiques of Critical Theories

Global Perspectives on Deviance and Critical Theories

Explaining Deviance in the Streets and Deviance in the Suites: The Cases of Pornography and Illegal Governmental Surveillance

Ideas in Action: Navajo Peacemaking and Domestic Violence

Exercises and Discussion Questions

Chapter 11. Societal Responses to Deviance

Medicalization of Deviant Behavior

Policing, Supervision, and the Impact of Incarceration on Disadvantaged Populations and Communities

Correctional Facilities and the Purposes of Punishment

Gresham Sykes and the Pains of Imprisonment

Juvenile Correctional Facilities

Reentry: Challenges in Returning to the Community After Time in an Institution

Public Fear and Social Control: The Case of Sex Offenders

Collateral Consequences: Effects on Communities and Families

Global Perspectives on the Social Control of Deviance

Explaining Deviance in the Streets and Deviance in the Suites: Considering How Money Can Matter in Local Jails

Ideas in Action: College Programs in Prisons

Exercises and Discussion Questions

Chapter 12. Deviant Careers and Career Deviance

Development of a Deviant Career and Career Deviance Approach

Getting Into Deviance: Onset of a Deviant Career

Risk and Protective Factors for Onset

Escalation, Persistence, and Specialization in Deviance

Sex Offenders: Generalists or Specialists?

The Case of Drinking and Driving

Summary of Career Deviance: Specialists or Generalists?

Getting Out of the Game: Desistance From Career Deviance

Explaining Deviance in the Streets and Deviance in the Suites: Street Prostitutes Versus Elite Prostitutes

Global Perspectives on Cross-Cultural Interest in Deviant Careers and Career Deviance

Ideas in Action: Programs and Policy From a Career Deviance and Deviant Career Perspective

Exercises and Discussion Questions

Glossary

References and Additional Reading

Index

Supplements

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What are the different sociological perspectives on deviance?

While there are many different sociological theories about crime, there are four primary perspectives about deviance: Structural Functionalism, Social Strain Typology, Conflict Theory, and Labeling Theory.

What are the 3 perspectives in sociology?

These three theoretical orientations are: Structural Functionalism, Symbolic Interactionism, and Conflict Perspective.

What are the five aspects of deviance?

According to Merton, there are five types of deviance based upon these criteria: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion.

What are the 4 perspectives in sociology?

Four Major Sociological Theories. The four main theoretical perspectives are symbolic interactionism theory, social conflict theory, structural-functional theory, and feminist theory.