1. trauma and conflict leading up to divorce [withnessed many parental battles and experienced significant tension within the home]
2. trauma of divorce itself - divorce brings pain and uncertainty [long-term changes] - kids will likely spend less time with one parent
3. family's may have a lower level of income following divorce, or may move to a new place
4. parents behavior may change toward the children
5. heredity and temperamental differences
6. pre-divorce economic circumstances
7. pre-divorce parental behavior
8. post-divorce economig resources
9. post-divroce parental behavior
10. Amicability of the divorce
11. relocation and relationship loss
12. custody and living arrangements
Mothers and fathers play different and essential roles in socializing their children.Popenoe
In the postmodern economy, it is increasingly difficult for one spouse to earn enough to support a family. Stacey
Children need loving caretakers, regardless of their gender.Stacey
The increase in divorce, cohabitation, nonmarital births, and decrease in marriage are associated with social ills such as child poverty, substance abuse, and juvenile crime. Popenoe
Poor women often prefer nonmarital childbearing than marrying the wrong man.
Poor men and women often stop using contraception when they are in a serious relationship, even when they don't want or plan to have children.
In poor communities, people often share a belief that remaining childless is a bad thing, and that children can bring happiness and order.