Hole's Human Anatomy and Physiology
13th EditionDavid N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis
1,402 solutions
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology
2nd EditionKenneth Saladin, Robin McFarland
1,940 solutions
Hole's Human Anatomy and Physiology
15th EditionDavid Shier, Jackie Butler, Ricki Lewis
1,950 solutions
Human Anatomy and Physiology
7th EditionElaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn
880 solutions
hip dislocation.
Hip instability feels like a clunk as the head of the femur pops back into place. This is a positive Ortolani sign and warrants referral for hip dislocation. Talipes equinovarus is also known as clubfoot, and is a congenital, rigid, and fixed malposition of foot, including [1] inversion, [2] forefoot adduction, and [3] foot pointing downward [equinus]. Tibial torsion is a twisting of the tibia, and is assessed by placing both feet flat on the table, pushing to flex up the knees, placing your fingers on the malleoli, and noting if a line connecting the four malleoli is parallel to the table. Genu valgum "knock knees" or knees together are present when there is more than 2.5 cm between the medial malleoli when the knees are together.
osteoarthritis.
Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes are hard and nontender and are associated with osteoarthritis. Boutonnière deformity [flexion of proximal interphalangeal joint with compensatory hyperextension of distal interphalangeal joint] occurs in RA, and the knuckle looks as if it is being pushed through a buttonhole. Dupuytren's contracture refers to chronic hyperplasia of the palmar fascia, which causes flexion contractures of the digits, first in the fourth digit, then the fifth digit, and then the third digit. The condition occurs commonly in men older than 40 years of age, is usually bilateral, and occurs with diabetes, epilepsy, and alcoholic liver disease and as an inherited trait. Flexion contracture of the metacarpophalangeal joint, then hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal joint, and flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint resembles the curve of a swan's neck.
hip dislocation.
The Allis test assesses the presence of hip dislocation. A Colles' fracture is assessed with inspection and palpation, with findings of a wrist that looks puffy, with "silver fork" deformity, and a characteristic hump when viewed from the side. Talipes equinovarus [clubfoot] is a congenital deformity that is assessed via inspection, with the following findings: rigid, and fixed malposition of foot, including [1] inversion, [2] forefoot adduction, and [3] foot pointing downward [equinus]. Tibial torsion is a twisting of the tibia, and is assessed by placing both feet flat on the table, pushing to flex up the knees, placing your fingers on the malleoli, and noting if a line connecting the four malleoli is parallel to the table.
c. between the carpal bones
The joint between carpal bones is a gliding joint because the bones move over the surface of each other.
The wrist joint is a condyloid joint capable of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.
The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint also capable of flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction.
The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is a saddle joint which allows thumb-finger opposition along with flexion, extension ,adduction, abduction, and circumduction.
a. speed may increase as if patient is unable to stop
b. patient displays delayed start with short, quick, shuffling steps
e. while walking, the neck, trunk and knees flex while the body is rigid
Festinating gait is a neurogenic disorder characterized by an increase in speed as if the patient is unable to stop [festination], a delayed start with short, quick, shuffling steps, and flexion of the neck, trunk, and knees during walking while the body is rigid. The patient can walk in a straight line and for more than 2 or 3 steps at a time.