What are the 4 features that are similar in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
The distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is considered to be the most important distinction among groups of organisms. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. Differences in cellular structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes include the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts, the cell wall, and the structure of chromosomal DNA. Show
Prokaryotes were the only form of life on Earth for millions of years until more complicated eukaryotic cells came into being through the process of evolution. Comparison chartEukaryotic Cell versus Prokaryotic Cell comparison chartEukaryotic CellProkaryotic CellNucleusPresentAbsentNumber of chromosomesMore than oneOne--but not true chromosome: PlasmidsCell TypeUsually multicellularUsually unicellular (some cyanobacteria may be multicellular)True Membrane bound NucleusPresentAbsentExampleAnimals and PlantsBacteria and ArchaeaGenetic RecombinationMeiosis and fusion of gametesPartial, undirectional transfers DNALysosomes and peroxisomesPresentAbsentMicrotubulesPresentAbsent or rareEndoplasmic reticulumPresentAbsentMitochondriaPresentAbsentCytoskeletonPresentMay be absentDNA wrapping on proteins.Eukaryotes wrap their DNA around proteins called histones.Multiple proteins act together to fold and condense prokaryotic DNA. Folded DNA is then organized into a variety of conformations that are supercoiled and wound around tetramers of the HU protein.RibosomeslargersmallerVesiclesPresentPresentGolgi apparatusPresentAbsentChloroplastsPresent (in plants)Absent; chlorophyll scattered in the cytoplasmFlagellaMicroscopic in size; membrane bound; usually arranged as nine doublets surrounding two singletsSubmicroscopic in size, composed of only one fiberPermeability of Nuclear MembraneSelectivenot presentPlasma membrane with steroidYesUsually noCell wallOnly in plant cells and fungi (chemically simpler)Usually chemically complexVacuolesPresentPresentCell size10-100um1-10umDefinition of eukaryotes and prokaryotesProkaryotes (pro-KAR-ee-ot-es) (from Old Greek pro- before + karyon nut or kernel, referring to the cell nucleus, + suffix -otos, pl. -otes; also spelled "procaryotes") are organisms without a cell nucleus (= karyon), or any other membrane-bound organelles. Most are unicellular, but some prokaryotes are multicellular. Eukaryotes (IPA: [juːˈkæɹɪɒt]) are organisms whose cells are organized into complex structures by internal membranes and a cytoskeleton. The most characteristic membrane bound structure is the nucleus. This feature gives them their name, (also spelled "eucaryote,") which comes from the Greek ευ, meaning good/true, and κάρυον, meaning nut, referring to the nucleus. Animals, plants, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes. Differences Between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic CellsThe difference between the structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes is so great that it is considered to be the most important distinction among groups of organisms. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and organelles bound by plasma membranes. Fungi, plants, and animals are made of eukaryotic cells (eukaryotes). Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus or organelles. All bacteria and members of Archaea are made of prokaryotic cells (prokaryotes). Table of Contents[hide][show]Difference Between Eukaryotic And Prokaryotic CellsThe most obvious difference between them is that prokaryotes have no nuclei, but there are four major differences between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell:
For all their differences, prokaryotes and eukaryotes have a few similarities share some common structures (due to physics and evolution), and though their DNA is different, they even share some genetic features. Both types of cells have five similarities:
Structures Found In Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic CellsAll living organisms use cellular organization to create structures to conduct life processes. Cells organize into tissues, which organize into organs, which organize into amazing life forms like plants, fungi, dogs, ducks, and people. Intracellular structures are common to both types of cells. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have:
ProkaryotesAn organism with prokaryotic cells is a prokaryote. Prokaryotic organisms get their names from the Greek roots, pro (before) and karyon (nut or kernel). This roughly means they are cells with structures so simple that they came from a time before a cell's nucleus existed. The three domains of life, Eukaryota, Bacteria, and Archaea, include two branches that are prokaryotes:
Only the domain, Eukaryota, has eukaryotic cells. Examples of archaea include Crenarchaeota (living in extreme acidity or temperatures) and Euryarchaeota (living in salty water or producing methane). Prokaryotic CellsProkaryotic cells are extremely small, much smaller than eukaryotic cells. A typical prokaryotic cell is of a size ranging from 0.1 microns (mycoplasma bacteria) to 5.0 microns. 1 micron or micrometer, μm, is one-thousandth of a millimeter or one-millionth of a meter. Anywhere from 200 to 10,000 prokaryotic cells could fit on the head of a pin. Their small size makes prokaryotic cells just one half to one-thousandth the size of a eukaryotic cell, which is typically between 10 and 100 μm. One amazing prokaryotic outlier is Thiomargarita namibiensis, the largest bacterium ever discovered, coming in at a whopping 100 to 300 μm. That is large enough to see in a light microscope. Prokaryotic OrganellesProkaryotes have no organelles in their cells! All the equivalent functions of eukaryotic cells are performed by four structures: a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and genetic material (both rDNA and DNA). Facts About Prokaryotic Cells
EukaryotesFungi, plants, protista, and all animals (including humans) are eukaryotes. We are all built with eukaryotic cells. The word eukaryote comes from two Greek roots, eu (good, well), and karyon (nut, kernel), so a eukaryote has a well-defined or “good” nucleus (kernel) in its cells. Eukaryotes CellsEukaryotic cells have nuclei and organelles, which immediately sets them apart from prokaryotic cells. The organelles in eukaryotic cells act as tiny membrane-bound compartments performing all the functions of life in the cell: energy acquisition and transfer, digestion, waste management, reproduction, and cellular respiration. Some of these eukaryotic cell organelles are:
Size Of Eukaryotic CellsIn general, eukaryotic cells are much bigger than prokaryotic cells. One eukaryotic cell could be double to 1,000 times the size of a prokaryotic cell. Eukaryotic cells measure between 10 µm and 100 µm, which means you could barely see them with a standard school light microscope. What are 4 similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?These cells share four parts in common that are plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA and ribosomes.
What are the four 4 basic features of all cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic )?All cells share four common components: 1) a plasma membrane, an outer covering that separates the cell's interior from its surrounding environment; 2) cytoplasm, consisting of a jelly-like region within the cell in which other cellular components are found; 3) DNA, the genetic material of the cell; and 4) ribosomes, ...
What features are similar between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells both use deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as the basis for their genetic information. This genetic material is needed to regulate and inform cell function through the creation of RNA by transcription, followed by the generation of proteins through translation.
What are the 4 organelles in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.
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