Which bash command displays the last five lines of the /var/log/messages file?

Use the tail command to write the file specified by the File parameter to standard output beginning at a specified point.

See the following examples:

• To display the last 10 lines of the notes file, type the following:

  tail notes

• To specify the number of lines to start reading from the end of the notes file, type the following:

  tail -20 notes

• To display the notes file one page at a time, beginning with the 200th byte, type the following:

  tail -c +200 notes | pg

• To follow the growth of the file named accounts, type the following:

  tail -f accounts

  This displays the last 10 lines of the accounts file. The tail command continues to display lines as they are added to the accounts file. The display continues until you press the (Ctrl-C) key sequence to stop the display.

Parent topic: Administering files

Here is an example:

In the picture above you can see that the last 10 lines of the /var/log/messages file were displayed.

The tail command can be used with various options. For example, if you would like to display the last 5 lines of a file, you can use the -n option:

Another option that you will find handy is the -f option. This option keeps the file open and displays new lines as they are being added to the file.

# Windows7(11, OsType.Windows, false),false
os.windows_7.id.value = 11
os.windows_7.name.value = Windows 7
os.windows_7.derivedFrom.value = windows_xp
os.windows_7.sysprepPath.value = ${ENGINE_USR}/conf/sysprep/sysprep.w7
os.windows_7.productKey.value =
os.windows_7.devices.audio.value = ich6
os.windows_7.devices.diskInterfaces.value.3.3 = IDE, VirtIO_SCSI, VirtIO
os.windows_7.devices.diskInterfaces.value.3.4 = IDE, VirtIO_SCSI, VirtIO
os.windows_7.devices.diskInterfaces.value.3.5 = IDE, VirtIO_SCSI, VirtIO
os.windows_7.isTimezoneTypeInteger.value = false

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