Why was the peaceful transfer of power between political parties called the Revolution of 1800 quizlet?
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The American Nation, Volume 29th EditionPrentice Hall 865 solutions America's History for the AP Course8th EditionEric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self 470 solutions Aaron Burr Aaron Burr was one of the leading Democratic-Republicans of New york, and served as a U.S. Senator from New York from 1791-1797. He was the principal opponent of Alexander Hamilton's Federalist policies. In the election of 1800, Burr tied with Jefferson in the Electoral College. The House of Representatives awarded the Presidency to Jefferson and made Burr Vice- President. served as the 3rd Vice President of the United States. Member of the Republicans and President of the Senate during his Vice Presidency. He was defamed by the press, often by writings of Hamilton. Challenged Hamilton to a duel in 1804 and killed him. Who killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel in 1804 Alexander Hamilton 1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt. Secretary of Treasury / Federalist Hamilton emerged as a major political figure during the debate over the Constitution, as the outspoken leader of the Federalists and one of the authors of the Federalist Papers. Later, as secretary of treasury under Washington, Alexander Hamilton spearheaded the government's Federalist initiatives, most notably through the creation of the Bank of the United States. Articles of Confederation 1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade) A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War. First governing document of US - created a WEAK central government; issues with trade - different currencies in each state, tariffs on goods traded between states Adopted in 1777 during the Revolutionary War, the Articles established the United States of America. The Articles granted limited powers to the central government, reserving most powers for the states. The result was a poorly defined national state that couldn't govern the country's finances or maintain stability. The Constitution replaced them in 1789 Set up the 1st independent American government (1783-88). Nonbinding "league of friendship" among sovereign states with weak central government to help with common defense & cooperation (like the European Union). Replaced by our current constitution in 1788. Bill of Rights Although the Anti-Federalists failed to block the ratification of the Constitution, they did ensure that the Bill of Rights would be created to protect individuals from government interference and possible tyranny. The Bill of Rights, drafted by a group led by James Madison, consisted of the first ten amendments to the Constitution, which guaranteed the civil rights of American citizens. First 10 amendments A formal statement of the fundamental rights of the people of the United States, incorporated in the Constitution as Amendments 1-10, and in all state constitutions. Constitutional Convention A meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that produced a new constitution Meeting in 1787 of the elected representatives of the thirteen original states to write the Constitution of the United States. In response to the Annapolis Convention's suggestion, Congress called for the states to send delegates to Philadelphia to amend the Articles of Confederation. Delegates came to the convention in May 1787, and drafted an entirely new framework that would give greater powers to the central government. This document became the Constitution. Delegates met to revise the Articles of Confederation, but ultimately decided to write the Constitution as a replacement. Virginia Plan "Large state" proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. The plan favored larger states and thus prompted smaller states to come back with their own plan for apportioning representation. Virginia delegate James Madison's plan of government, in which states got a number of representatives in Congress based on their population Madison's plan for a bicameral legislature, whith the executive and judiciary chosen by the legislature The Virginia Plan was presented to the Constitutional Convention and proposed the creation of a bicameral legislature with representation in both houses proportional to population. The Virginia Plan favored the large states, which would have a much greater voice. In opposition, the small states proposed the New Jersey Plan. In the end, the two sides found common ground through the Connecticut Compromise. New Jersey Plan Opposite of the Virginia Plan, it proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote. This created a conflict with representation between bigger states, who wanted control befitting their population, and smaller states, who didn't want to be bullied by larger states. New Jersey delegate William Paterson's plan of government, in which states got an equal number of representatives in Congress A constitutional proposal that would have given each state one vote in a new congress Plan at Philadelphia Convention for equal representation in new Congress (1 state 1 vote). Also known as "small state plan." Opposite of the Virginia "big state" Plan. Becomes basis of representation in the Senate. Great Compromise 1787; This compromise was between the large and small states of the colonies. The Great Compromise resolved that there would be representation by population in the House of Representatives, and equal representation would exist in the Senate. Each state, regardless of size, would have 2 senators. All tax bills and revenues would originate in the House. This compromise combined the needs of both large and small states and formed a fair and sensible resolution to their problems. A compromise that proposed two houses of Congress; one where a state's population would determine representation and another where all states were represented equally the agreement by which Congress would have two houses, the Senate (where each state gets equal representation-two senators) and the House of Representatives (where representation is based on population). The "Dirty Compromise" The third major slavery issue at the convention involved the African slave trade and the regulation of commerce The Constitution What is the supreme law of the land? Checks and Balances A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power A major principle of the American system of government. Helps maintain separation of powers so that no one branch gets too powerful. Explained in Federalist 51. Examples: President vetos laws; Senate confirms appointments & treaties; Congress impeaches president & judges... System in which each branch of government can limit the power of the other two branches. For example, the Senate has the power to approve or reject presidential appointments to the Supreme Court. Electoral College A certain number of electors from each state proportional to and seemingly representative of that state's population. each elector chooses a candidate believing they are representing their constituency's choice. The candidate who receives a higher proportion of electoral votes within a state receives all the electoral votes for that state. A group selected by the states to elect the president and the vice-president, in which each state's number of electors is equal to the number of its senators and representatives in Congress. the body of electors who formally elect the United States president and vice-president Necessary and proper clause Clause of the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) setting forth the implied powers of Congress. It states that Congress, in addition to its express powers, has the right to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out all powers the Constitution vests in the national government Gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary to carry out their constitutional duties; "elastic" clause (Art. I, Sec 8, clause 18) constitutional authorization for Congress to make any law required to carry out its powers Ratification Formal approval Federalists A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures. Supporters of the Constitution that were led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. They firmly believed the national government should be strong. They didn't want the Bill of Rights because they felt citizens' rights were already well protected by the Constitution. Anti-federalists Anti-Federalists rose up as the opponents of the Constitution during the period of ratification. They opposed the Constitution's powerful centralized government, arguing that the Constitution gave too much political, economic, and military control. They instead advocated a decentralized governmental structure that granted most power to the states A group who opposed the ratification of the Constitution in 1787. They opposed a strong central government (tyranny) and supported states' rights. "I smell a rat!" The Federalist Papers Series of newspaper articles written by John Hay, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton which enumerated arguments in favor of the Constitution and refuted the arguments of the anti-federalists This collection of essays by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison, explained the importance of a strong central government. It was published to convince New York to ratify the Constitution. In federalist No. 10, Madison argued that political factions are undesirable but inevitable. Enumerated Powers Powers given to the national government alone Powers specifically given to Congress in the Constitution; including the power to collect taxes, coin money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, and declare war. Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the Constitution; for Congress, these powers are listed in Article I, Section 8, and include the power to coin money, regulate its value, and impose taxes. Full faith and Credit Clause Constitution's requirement that each state accept the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state Clause in the Constitution (Article 4, Section 1) requiring each state to recognize the civil judgments rendered by the courts of the other states and to accept their public records and acts as valid. states are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states A clause in the U.S. Constitution which says that every state must recognize and respect the laws and judgments of other states. Impeachment A formal document charging a public official with misconduct in office Formal accusation against a president or other public official, the first step in removal from office. Reserved powers Powers given to the state government alone Powers not specifically granted to the federal government or denied to the states belong to the states and the people Election of 1796 The first contested American presidential election The person with the most electoral votes, John Adams, First election with political parties; John Adams won and became President and Thomas Jefferson became Vice President Washington's Farewell Address Warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties and to avoid sectionalism. He warned against the dangers of political parties and foreign alliances. Federalist Party 1792-1816. Formed by Alexander Hamilton. Controlled the government until 1801. Wanted strong nationalistic government. Opposed by Democratic Republicans. a major political party in the United States in the early 19th century Americans who advocated centralized power and constitutional ratificatio French Revolution The revolution that began in 1789, overthrew the absolute monarchy of the Bourbons and the system of aristocratic privileges, and ended with Napoleon's overthrow of the Directory and seizure of power in 1799. A major change in government that began in 1789; it brought an end to the absolute monarchy and a start to a representative government The second great democratic revolution, taking place in the 1790s, after the American Revolution had been proven to be a success. The U.S. did nothing to aid either side. The French people overthrew the king and his government, and then instituted a series of unsuccessful democratic governments until Napoleon took over as dictator in 1799. The event at the end of the eighteenth century that ended the thousand-year rule of kings in France and established the nation as a republic. The revolution began in 1789, after King Louis xvi had convened the French parliament to deal with an enormous national debt. Non-Intercourse Acts - Ends embargo on foreign countries except with France and Britain -1809 - Replaced the Embargo of 1807. Unlike the Embargo, which forbade American trade with all foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France and Britain. It did not succeed in changing British or French policy towards neutral ships, so it was replaced by Macon's Bill No. 2. An act to interdict the commercial intercourse between the United States and Great Britain and France, and their dependencies; and for other purposes. The Act regulates commerce between Americans and Native Americans. George Washington 1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799) (1732-1799) no political party. Virginian who began as a commander and chief in the Revolutionary war. Had no desire to become president but the people wanted a strong national leader. Set prescient for many things, including the two terms rule. Warned US against being involved in foreign politics. james Madison Father of the Constitution 4th President "Father of the Constitution". His proposals for an effective government became the Virginia Plan, which was the basis for the Constitution. He was responsible for drafting most of the language of the Constitution. john Adams 2nd president America's first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts, and wrote the Massachusetts guarantee that freedom of press "ought not to be restrained." John Marshall American jurist and politician who served as the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1801-1835) and helped establish the practice of judicial review. Chief Justice of the United States Supreme court in the 1830s. He ruled in favor of the Cherokee during the case of Worchester vs. Georgia citing Georgia had no jurisdiction over the Cherokee land. Chief Justice of US Supreme court in the 1830s. Ruled in favor of the Cherokee during the case of Worchester vs. Georgia citing Georgia had no jurisdiction over the Cherokee land. Judiciary Act of 1801 A law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fill most of the new posts with Federalists. One of the last important laws passed by the expiring Federalist Congress. It created 16 new federal judgeships and other judicial offices. This was Adams's last attempt to keep Federalists power in the new Republican Congress. His goal was for federalists to dominate the judicial branch of government. the _________________ created 16 new federal judgeships in hopes that John Adams would fill the positions with Federalists Passed by the departing Federalist Congress, it created sixteen new federal judgeships ensuring a Federalist hold on the judiciary. Republican Party 1854 - anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats, Free Soilers and reformers from the Northwest met and formed party in order to keep slavery out of the territories Emerged as a sectional party in the North and Midwest; sought to keep slavery from expanding (free-soil) - as seen in Lincoln's election in 1860 Demographics: White, Protestants, Corporations, Rich One of the two major modern American political parties. It emerged in the 1850s as an antislavery party and consisted of former northern Whigs and antislavery Democrats. Now the party is conservative (pro-life, anti-affirmative action, anti-too much government intervention, anti-taxing on the rich, pro-death penalty) Reserved Powers Powers given to the state government alone Powers not specifically granted to the federal government or denied to the states belong to the states and the people Powers not specifically granted to the national government or denied to the states. Reserved powers are held by the states through the Tenth Amendment. Revolution of 1800 Jefferson's election changed the direction of the government from Federalist to Democratic- Republican, so it was called a "revolution." Jefferson's view of his election to presidency. Jefferson claimed that the election of 1800 represented a return to what he considered the original spirit of the Revolution. Jefferson's goals for his revolution were to restore the republican experiment, check the growth of government power, and to halt the decay of virtue that had set in under Federalist rule. Electoral victory of Democratic Republicans over the Federalists, who lost their Congressional majority and the presidency. The peaceful transfer of power between rival parties solidified faith in America's political system. Shays's Rebellion Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out. Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out; Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out. mistreated farmers, fear of mobocracy, forced people to think about central government Tenth Amendment Amendment stating that the powers not delegated to the federal gov. are reserved to the states Any powers not explicitly listed are automatically given to the states. rights reserved for the state The Federalist Papers Series of newspaper articles written by John Hay, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton which enumerated arguments in favor of the Constitution and refuted the arguments of the anti-federalists In federalist No. 10, Madison argued that political factions are undesirable but inevitable. Series of newspaper articles written by John Hay, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton which enumerated arguments in favor of the Constitution and refuted the arguments of the anti-federalists Thomas Jefferson 3rd
President ..., Virginian, architect, author, governor, and president. Lived at Monticello. Wrote the Declaration of Independence. Second governor of Virgina. Third president of the United States. Designed the buildings of the University of Virginia. 34. Who was the Democratic-Republican candidate for President in 1800? Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 A series of laws that sought to restrict the activities of people who opposed Federalist policies (1798) acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and prosecute critics of the government Laws passed by congress in 1798 that enabled the government to imprison or deport aliens and to prosecute critics of the government meant to keep government unquestioned by critics, particularly of the Federalists In 1798, Federalist-supported laws that placed restrictions on immigrants in the country and restricted freedom of speech and freedom of the press; permitted the president to get rid of foreigners, made it harder for immigrants to become citizens, and allowed for citizens to be fined or jailed if they criticized the government or its officials (page 16, CA Standards Enrichment Workbook) Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798 Resolutions passed in 1798 that attacked the Alien and Sedition Acts as being unconstitutional Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional. argued that states had the right to determine whether or not the laws passed by Congress were constitutional Written by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts. Said the United States could declare a law made by congress unconstitutional and null and void. XYZ Affair 1798 - A commission had been sent to France in 1797 to discuss the disputes that had arisen out of the U.S.'s refusal to honor the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. President Adams had also criticized the French Revolution, so France began to break off relations with the U.S. Adams sent delegates to meet with French foreign minister Talleyrand in the hopes of working things out. Talleyrand's three agents told the American delegates that they could meet with Talleyrand only in exchange for a very large bribe. The Americans did not pay the bribe, and in 1798 Adams made the incident public, substituting the letters "X, Y and Z" for the names of the three French agents in his report to Congress. An insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials Adams called "X,Y, and Z" that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand. Marbury v. Madison Established judicial review (1803) Marbury was a midnight appointee of the Adams administration and sued Madison for commission. Chief Justice Marshall said the law that gave the courts the power to rule over this issue was unconstitutional. established judicial review John Adam's midnight appointments = William Marbury. Madison withheld the papers. Marbury request an Act of Congress to get papers. Result: Supreme Court strikes this down claiming that this act is unconstitutional. = judicial review Quasi-War Term widely used to describe French and American naval conflicts between 1798 to 1800. Neither nation declared war, although they carried out naval operations against each other Undeclared war fought entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800. The French began to seize American ships trading with their British enemies and refused to receive a new United States minister when he arrived in Paris in December 1796. This was an undeclared naval war between France and the US during 1798-1800. At the expense of his own popularity, President Adams refused to seek a formal declaration of war on France. Revolution of 1800 Jefferson's election changed the direction of the government from Federalist to Democratic- Republican, so it was called a "revolution." Jefferson's view of his election to presidency. Jefferson claimed that the election of 1800 represented a return to what he considered the original spirit of the Revolution. Jefferson's goals for his revolution were to restore the republican experiment, check the growth of government power, and to halt the decay of virtue that had set in under Federalist rule. The election of 1800 was against the 2 parties, Republican Jefferson and Federalists Adams. After much debate, Jefferson was rewarded victory. It's called a revolution because it produced the first orderly transfer of power from one party to another- without violence. Success of the political system. Judiciary Act of 1801 A law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fill most of the new posts with Federalists. set up regional courts One of the last important laws passed by the expiring Federalist Congress. It created 16 new federal judgeships and other judicial offices. This was Adams's last attempt to keep Federalists power in the new Republican Congress. His goal was for federalists to dominate the judicial branch of government. ... ... Why was the election of 1800 called the Revolution of 1800 quizlet?Thomas Jefferson called his election "the Revolution of 1800" because it marked the first time that power in America passed from one party to another. He promised to govern as he felt the Founders intended, based on decentralized government and trust in the people to make the right decisions for themselves.
What became known as the Revolution of 1800 quizlet?The "Revolution of 1800" was: the peaceful transfer of the office of the presidency between political parties.
What was so revolutionary about the election of 1800 quizlet?Why was the election of 1800 significant? The election of 1800 was significant because it marked the first peaceful transition in power from one political party to another.
What became known as the Revolution of 1800?In what is sometimes called the "Revolution of 1800", Vice President Thomas Jefferson of the Democratic-Republican Party defeated incumbent President John Adams of the Federalist Party. The election was a political realignment that ushered in a generation of Democratic-Republican leadership.
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