Which of the following is a significant result of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century revolutions in both Europe and the Americans?
In the late 1800s, people in many parts of the world decided to leave their homes and immigrate to the United States. Fleeing crop failure, land and job shortages, rising taxes, and famine, many came to the U. S. because it was perceived as the land of economic opportunity. Others came seeking personal freedom or relief from political and religious persecution, and nearly 12 million immigrants arrived in the United States between 1870 and 1900. During the
1870s and 1880s, the vast majority of these people were from Germany, Ireland, and England - the principal sources of immigration before the Civil War. Even so, a relatively large group of Chinese immigrated to the United States between the start of the California gold rush in 1849 and 1882, when federal law stopped their immigration. With the onset of hard economic times in the 1870s, European immigrants and Americans began to compete for the jobs traditionally reserved for the Chinese.
With economic competition came dislike and even racial suspicion and hatred. Such feelings were accompanied by anti-Chinese riots and pressure, especially in California, for the exclusion of Chinese immigrants from the United States. The result of this pressure was the Chinese Exclusion Act, passed by Congress in 1882. This Act virtually ended Chinese immigration for nearly a century. Immigrants entered the United States through several ports. Those from Europe generally came through East
Coast facilities, while those from Asia generally entered through West Coast centers. More than 70 percent of all immigrants, however, entered through New York City, which came to be known as the "Golden Door." Throughout the late 1800s, most immigrants arriving in New York entered at the Castle Garden depot near the tip of Manhattan. In 1892, the federal government opened a new immigration processing center on Ellis Island in New York harbor. Although immigrants often settled near ports
of entry, a large number did find their way inland. Many states, especially those with sparse populations, actively sought to attract immigrants by offering jobs or land for farming. Many immigrants wanted to move to communities established by previous settlers from their homelands. Once settled, immigrants looked for work. There were never enough jobs, and employers often took advantage of the immigrants. Men were generally paid less than other workers, and women less than men. Social
tensions were also part of the immigrant experience. Often stereotyped and discriminated against, many immigrants suffered verbal and physical abuse because they were "different." While large-scale immigration created many social tensions, it also produced a new vitality in the cities and states in which the immigrants settled. The newcomers helped transform American society and culture, demonstrating that diversity, as well as unity, is a source of national strength. To find other
documents in Loc.gov relating to this topic, use such key words as immigration or immigrants, or include the names of specific immigrant or ethnic groups, such as German, Irish, Scandinavian, Swedish, Norwegian, or Chinese. Part of
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AN AGE OF REVOLUTIONS, 1750-1914Standard 1: The causes and consequences of political revolutions in the late 18th and early 19th centuries Standard 2: The causes and consequences of the agricultural and industrial revolutions, 1700-1850 Standard 3: The transformation of Eurasian societies in an era of global trade and rising European power, 1750-1870 Standard 4: Patterns of nationalism, state-building, and social reform in Europe and the Americas, 1830-1914 Standard 5: Patterns of global change in the era of Western military and economic domination, 1800-1914 Standard 6: Major global trends from 1750-1914 The invention of the railway locomotive, the steamship, and, later, the telegraph and telephone transformed global communications in this era. The time it took and the money it cost to move goods, messages, or armies across oceans and continents were drastically cut. People moved, or were forced to move, from one part of the world to another in record numbers. In the early part of the era African slaves continued to be transported across the Atlantic in large numbers; European migrants created new frontiers of colonial settlement in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres; and Chinese, Indian, and other Asians migrated to Southeast Asia and the Americas. International commerce mushroomed, and virtually no society anywhere in the world stayed clear of the global market. Underlying these surges in communication, migration, and trade was the growth of world population, forcing men and women almost everywhere to experiment with new ways of organizing collective life. This was an era of bewildering change in a thousand different arenas. One way to make sense of the whole is to focus on three world-encompassing and interrelated developments: the democratic revolution, the industrial revolution, and the establishment of European dominance over most of the world.
Why Study This Era?
STANDARD 1The causes and consequences of political revolutions in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Standard 1A The student understands how the French Revolution contributed to transformations in Europe and the world.
Standard 1B The student understands how Latin American countries achieved independence in the early 19th century.
STANDARD 2The causes and consequences of the agricultural and industrial revolutions, 1700-1850. Standard 2A The student understands the early industrialization and the importance of developments in England.
Standard 2B The student understands how industrial economies expanded and societies experienced transformations in Europe and the Atlantic basin.
Standard 2C The student understands the causes and consequences of the abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and slavery in the Americas.
STANDARD 3The transformation of Eurasian societies in an era of global trade and rising European power, 1750-1870. Standard 3A The student understands how the Ottoman Empire attempted to meet the challenge of Western military, political, and economic power.
Standard 3B The student understands Russian absolutism, reform, and imperial expansion in the late 18th and 19th centuries.
Standard 3C The student understands the consequences of political and military encounters between Europeans and peoples of South and Southeast Asia.
Standard 3D The student understands how China’s Qing dynasty responded to economic and political crises in the late 18th and the 19th centuries.
Standard 3E The student understands how Japan was transformed from feudal shogunate to modern nation-state in the 19th century.
STANDARD 4Patterns of nationalism, state-building, and social reform in Europe and the Americas, 1830-1914. Standard 4A The student understands how modern nationalism affected European politics and society.
Standard 4B The student understands the impact of new social movements and ideologies on 19th-century Europe.
Standard 4C The student understands cultural, intellectual, and educational trends in 19th-century Europe.
Standard 4D The student understands the political, economic, and social transformations in the Americas in the 19th century.
STANDARD 5Patterns of global change in the era of Western military and economic dominance, 1800-1914. Standard 5A The student understands connections between major developments in science and technology and the growth of industrial economy and society.
Standard 5B The student understands the causes and consequences of European settler colonization in the 19th century.
Standard 5C The student understands the causes of European, American, and Japanese imperial expansion.
Standard 5D The student understands transformations in South, Southeast, and East Asia in the era of the “new imperialism.”
Standard 5E The student understands the varying responses of African peoples to world economic developments and European imperialism.
STANDARD 6Major global trends from 1750-1914. Standard 6A The student understands major global trends from 1750 to 1914.
What happened in the 19th century in Europe?The 19th century was a revolutionary period for European history and a time of great transformation in all spheres of life. Human and civil rights, democracy and nationalism, industrialisation and free market systems, all ushered in a period of change and chance.
What were the most important outcomes of the Atlantic revolutions both immediately and in the century that followed?What was the most important outcomes of the Atlantic revolutions, both immediately and in the century that followed? Following the revolutions, the common people began to gain more rights while the aristocracy and kings began to lose power in colonies.
What was a result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe?The Industrial Revolution transformed economies that had been based on agriculture and handicrafts into economies based on large-scale industry, mechanized manufacturing, and the factory system. New machines, new power sources, and new ways of organizing work made existing industries more productive and efficient.
What were the impact of Industrial Revolution on the societies of Europe?It increased material wealth, extended life, and was a powerful force for social change. It undermined the centuries-old class structure in Europe and reorganized the economic and philosophical worldview of the West. Preindustrial Europe was static and based upon privilege.
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