Which of the following pulses is palpated on top of the foot?
If unable to palpate an artery because of a weakened pulse, use an ultrasonic stethoscope (Figure 1). Show
Nội dung chính Show OVERVIEWBlood pressure (BP) is the force exerted by blood against the vessel walls. During a normal cardiac cycle, BP reaches a peak, followed by a trough. The peak pressure occurs when the heart’s ventricular contraction, or systole, forces blood under high pressure into the aorta. When the ventricles relax, the blood remaining in the arteries exerts a trough, or diastolic, pressure against the arterial wall. Diastolic pressure is the minimum pressure exerted against the arterial wall. Patients at risk for alterations in BP measurement include those who have:
The standard unit for measuring BP is millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). The measurement indicates the height to which the BP can sustain the column of mercury. The most common methods for measuring BP are auscultation using a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope and measurement using an electronic BP monitor. Palpation may be used to obtain an estimate of systolic BP before using the auscultation method. During auscultation, as the sphygmomanometer cuff is deflated, five different sounds, called Korotkoff sounds, are heard over the artery. Each sound has a distinct characteristic (Figure 2). BP is recorded with the systolic reading (first Korotkoff sound) before the diastolic reading (beginning of the fifth Korotkoff sound). The difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure is the pulse pressure. For a BP of 120/80 mm Hg, the pulse pressure is 40 mm Hg, the difference between 120 mm Hg and 80 mm Hg. Cuff size should be proportionate to the limb circumference. Most adults require a large adult cuff. An improper-size cuff produces an inaccurate BP measurement. Using a cuff that is too narrow results in an overestimation of BP, whereas using a cuff that is too wide results in an underestimation of BP.undefined#ref1">1,6 When measuring BP in the upper arm is not possible—for example, when the available BP cuffs do not fit the upper arm properly—BP may be measured in the forearm. To obtain the most accurate reading, the health care team member must use the proper-size BP cuff for the forearm, which typically has a smaller circumference than the upper arm. BP measurements in the forearm and upper arm are not interchangeable. Systolic BP readings tend to be higher in more distal arteries, such as those in the forearm, whereas diastolic BP readings tend to be lower in more distal arteries.5 The thigh or calf can be used if measurement of the upper arms and forearms is not possible.5 EDUCATION
ASSESSMENT AND PREPARATIONAssessment
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REFERENCES
ADDITIONAL READINGSAmerican Heart Association (AHA). (2016). What is high blood pressure? Retrieved June 6, 2022, from https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/the-facts-about-high-blood-pressure/what-is-high-blood-pressure (classic reference)* *In these skills, a “classic” reference is a widely cited, standard work of established excellence that significantly affects current practice and may also represent the foundational research for practice. Adapted from Perry, A.G. and others (Eds.). (2022). Clinical nursing skills & techniques (10th ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier. Which of the following pulses is palpated in the antecubital?The brachial pulse is palpated just above the angle of the elbow (the "antecubital fossa").
Which of the pulses is palpated on the wrist?Your radial pulse can be taken on either wrist. Use the tip of the index and third fingers of your other hand to feel the pulse in your radial artery between your wrist bone and the tendon on the thumb side of your wrist. Apply just enough pressure so you can feel each beat.
Which of the following pulses is palpated behind the knees?Popliteal pulse - The popliteal pulse is palpated on the posterior knee with the middle and index fingers; this pulse is more difficult to palpate as compared to other pulse sites.
Which of the following pulses is Auscultated?Apical pulse is auscultated with a stethoscope over the chest where the heart's mitral valve is best heard. In infants and young children, the apical pulse is located at the fourth intercostal space at the left midclavicular line.
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