What was the impact of the Enlightenment on British North American colonists in the eighteenth century quizlet?

Which eighteenth-century fiscal reform heightened women's political consciousness?

a. The Revenue Act of 1764
b. The Proclamation of 1763
c. The Stamp Act
d. The Townshend Act

The Townshend Act

Explanation:
The Townshend Act placed duties on a variety of products like tea, coffee, and other common household items, which made women politically conscious because the taxes made it difficult for them to run their households.

What was the name of the Mohawk who engaged in revolutionary-era diplomacy with the British?

a. William Johnson
b. Molly Brant
c. Mary Willing Byrd
d. Alexander Leslie

Molly Brant

Explanation:
Molly Brant was the Mohawk wife of William Johnson and served as mediator between the colonies and the British.

Which of the following defines the term "deputy husband" dating from the American Revolution?

a. It was the term given to single women who managed their own businesses.
b. It was the status given to women whose husbands trusted them to manage businesses in their absence.
c. It referred to soldiers in military camps who were expected to police female camp followers.
d. The term refers men who were expected to care for military wives during their husbands' absence.

It was the status given to women whose husbands trusted them to manage businesses in their absence.

Explanation:
Sometimes, officers left their wives in charge of their businesses in their absence and allowed their wives to act on their behalf in business affairs while they were away. Thus, women became "deputy husbands" in which they were given temporary permission to participate in the public sphere to manage the family business.

Benjamin Rush said that women "must be the stewards and guardians of their husbands' property." Which of the following accurately summarizes his argument?

a. Rush suggested the women needed education to become more independent.
b. Rush argued that women were equal to men and deserved an equal education.
c. Rush argued that women should be educated in topics beyond traditional domestic roles so they could increase family wealth.
d. Rush suggested that husbands should take on the role of educating their wives.

Rush argued that women should be educated in topics beyond traditional domestic roles so they could increase family wealth.

Explanation:
Benjamin Rush argued that women should receive a more extensive education so they could be of more use to their families.

Which of the following is one way the Enlightenment differed from the First Great Awakening?

a. Both the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening led many to question established hierarchies, but the traditional gender hierarchy remained unquestioned within the Enlightenment movement.
b. The Enlightenment emphasized religious conformity while the Great Awakening encouraged the growth of new religious sects and communities.
c. The Great Awakening emphasized the experiences of the educated elite, while the Enlightenment focused on equality.
d. Though both the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment emphasized community values, leaders of the Great Awakening did not believe their communities should include all races.

Both the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening led many to question established hierarchies, but the traditional gender hierarchy remained unquestioned within the Enlightenment movement.

Explanation:
The First Great Awakening gave women many opportunities to act as leaders within new religious communities. The Enlightenment, on the other hand, made little room for women to participate. Politics and the economy were not considered women's concerns.

Why were women's contributions to the American Revolution valued less than men's contributions?

a. Patriot men defined service as bearing arms and fighting.
b. Women did not provide financial support to the conflict.
c. Women stayed at home in comfort away from battle and hardship.
d. Patriot men thought of service as aiding a military camp.

Patriot men defined service as bearing arms and fighting.

Explanation:
Patriot men believed that serving as a soldier was the pinnacle of civic virtue. Women helped the American cause by engaging in domestic activities, so their contributions were overlooked by society.

How did evangelical revivals affect black and white women in the early republic?

a. They discouraged women from creating informal religious groups.
b. They emphasized women's sexuality and femaleness.
c. They emphasized women's role as subservient to men.
d. They gave women ways to express themselves in society.

They gave women ways to express themselves in society.

Explanation:
Evangelical revivals gave women more power within their societies. Many groups allowed women to hold informal leadership positions, while one group, the Separate Baptists, even allowed them to be official leaders, naming them to such offices as Deaconess.

How did Benjamin Rush's views on women's education compare with the views of other men during the late eighteenth century?

a. Rush believed educated women were useful to the public sphere.
b. Rush thought that educated women were masculine.
c. Rush's views were considered conservative by his peers.
d. Rush's views were progressive for the time.

Rush's views were progressive for the time.

Explanation:
Benjamin Rush argued that women should learn subjects like bookkeeping and arithmetic. While he did want to reserve certain subjects like philosophy, Latin, and Greek for men, he did believe that women should be taught more than traditional domestic skills like needlework, making his view progressive for the time.

Which of the following characterized the First Great Awakening during the eighteenth century?

a. It unified established churches across British North America.
b. It was mainly a white evangelical movement.
c. It emphasized the physical expression of religious joy.
d. It promoted a religious hierarchy within church congregations.

It emphasized the physical expression of religious joy.

Explanation:
The First Great Awakening was a movement that attempted to validate the religious experiences of ordinary people. This meant incorporating aspects of an ordinary person's life such as being outdoors in fields and pastures.

Which of the following was characteristic of life for slaves once they fled to British lines during the Revolution?

a. They were paid for their service and labor.
b. They were free of hardship in British camps.
c. They lived as freemen and women in British camps.
d. They were forced to work for the British.

They were forced to work for the British.

Explanation:
British troops forced slaves to work for them. Slaves then completed tasks, such as cleaning the streets and removing trash, for the British.

Lucy Flucker Knox wrote to her husband, "[I hope in the future] you will not consider yourself as commander in chief of your own house—but be convinced that there is such a thing as equal command." What does her statement reveal about women during the American Revolution?

a. Women challenged their subordinate position in society.
b. Women did not want their husbands to be aggressive at home.
c. Women wanted to subordinate their husbands and gain control of society.
d. Women expected life to go back to normal after the war ended.

Women challenged their subordinate position in society.

Explanation:
American women felt empowered by the Revolution. Although the Revolution itself did not challenge gender expectations, women's participation in the war effort made them question their subordinate position in society and seek changes to their status.

Refer to Figure 3.1 "A Society of Ladies" (1744)
What message did the cartoonist intend to send with this image?

a. The cartoonist intended to highlight the role of women as republican mothers.
b. The cartoonist intended to devalue women's political participation.
c. The cartoonist wanted to chastise women for their inability to assist the Revolution.
d. The cartoonist intended to show that women who were involved in politics did not have to compromise their femininity.

The cartoonist intended to devalue women's political participation.

Explanation:
The image served to devalue women's political participation and the boycotts that they supported by depicting women who supported them as bad mothers.

The Enlightenment and the First Great Awakening led colonists to believe which of the following?

a. Women had the same capabilities as men.
b. Social progress was attainable.
c. The British were the most enlightened and therefore their authority was not to be questioned.
d. The community was more important than the individual.

Social progress was attainable.

Explanation:
The Enlightenment and the First Great Awakening encouraged colonists to reject established authority and seek individual liberty. As a result, colonists believed that they could change their social status, which encouraged them to reject British control.

Why did so many slaves flee from their masters during the Revolution?

a. They tired of the poor conditions, including the shortage of food and clothing.
b. They wanted to fight alongside the Native Americans to protect their land.
c. They believed in the loyalist cause.
d. The British offered the slaves freedom in exchange for military service.

The British offered the slaves freedom in exchange for military service.

Explanation:
In November 1775, Virginia's royal governor offered slaves freedom if they left their patriot masters to fight for the British. Not only did the British hope to gain soldiers and laborers by taking this measure, but they hoped to encourage slaveowners to stay loyal to the crown in order to keep their slaves.

Which of the following characterized emancipation in the North at the beginning of the nineteenth century?

a. The North distinguished between free and unfree, not black and white people.
b. Blacks lived in an egalitarian society in the North.
c. Free blacks still had to navigate racial and economic discrimination.
d. Slavery was immediately abolished in the North after the Revolution.

Free blacks still had to navigate racial and economic discrimination.

Explanation:
The number of emancipated slaves grew in the North after the Revolution, but it did not eliminate discrimination. Free blacks were still discriminated against in society based on their race, which often prohibited them from gaining employment that would allow them to prosper financially.

Which of the following was not one of the challenges faced by Native American women in the West?

a. Abuse from Spanish soldiers
b. Abduction
c. Smallpox
d. The American Revolution

The American Revolution

Explanation:
The Revolution did not have a large impact on Native American tribes in the West because American territorial expansion had not yet reached them.

Which of the following resulted from Elizabeth Freeman's lawsuit against the state of Massachusetts for her own freedom?

a. The suit caused the state legislature to pass stricter laws for the punishment of runaway slaves.
b. The suit helped bring an end to slavery in Massachusetts.
c. Slaveowners in Massachusetts freed their slaves.
d. The court made an exception for Elizabeth Freeman but refused to hear cases from other black people.

The suit helped bring an end to slavery in Massachusetts.

Explanation:
Elizabeth Freeman's suit for her freedom helped to bring an end to slavery in Massachusetts. Based on her case, the court decided that a "rational creature" could not be enslaved.

How did the American Revolution affect slaves in the colonies?

a. It led to better nutrition among slaves.
b. It led to food scarcity among slaves.
c. It led to clothing surpluses among slaves.
d. It led to less slave resistance against masters.

It led to food scarcity among slaves.

Explanation:
The American Revolution led to food scarcity among slaves. During the war, slaveowners gave the needs of slaves low priority.

How did patriots think of loyalist women's political activity during the American Revolution?

a. Patriots thought that women should not be penalized just for being from a loyalist family.
b. Patriots assumed that women from loyalist households could act independently of their husbands.
c. Patriots did not think that loyalist women would be a threat to the American cause.
d. Patriots believed that a woman's political allegiance followed that of her husband, so women from loyalist households were assumed to be loyalists.

Patriots believed that a woman's political allegiance followed that of her husband, so women from loyalist households were assumed to be loyalists.

Explanation:
Patriots believed that women were not political actors. They thought that the male head of household chose the family's political affiliation, and they assumed wives had the same political beliefs as their husbands.

Refer to Map 3.1 British Colonies in North America, 1763.
Which of the following statements about British North American territory after the French and Indian War is supported by this map?

a. British territorial claims ended at the Proclamation Line.
b. Lands east of the Mississippi had not yet been explored.
c. Britain closed part of its North American empire to settlement.
d. The British had possession of all of North America.

Britain closed part of its North American empire to settlement.

Explanation:
As depicted by the Proclamation Line of 1763, Britain closed newly gained parts of its empire to colonization after the French and Indian War in order to prevent colonists from encroaching on Indian lands there.

What did southern slaveholders think of black enslavement after the American Revolution?

a. Slaveowners did not believe that slavery and freedom could coexist in the South.
b. Slaveowners became more invested in supporting slavery after the war.
c. Slaveowners wanted slaves to integrate with white society.
d. Slaveowners in the South wanted slavery to be abolished, but laws prevented it.

Slaveowners became more invested in supporting slavery after the war.

Explanation:
Slaveowners did not become abolitionists after the Revolution. Despite revolutionary rhetoric about freedom and personal liberties, slaveowners in the South did not see slavery as contradictory to their beliefs because they saw enslaved people as naturally inferior.

How did the French and Indian War affect the relationship between Britain and its American colonies in the eighteenth century?

a. It angered American colonists who did not want the British to colonize Indian lands.
b. It caused Britain to neglect its American colonies because it could not afford to govern them.
c. It led Britain to tax the colonies in order to pay for the war, which caused tension between the colonies and the empire.
d. It encouraged close ties because Britain had effectively protected its North American colonies.

It led Britain to tax the colonies in order to pay for the war, which caused tension between the colonies and the empire.

Explanation:
People in both Britain and its American colonies were expected to pay taxes to help pay off war debts, but colonists protested, which damaged relations between them.

What effect did the American Revolution have on Native American societies?

a. Native American women gained power within their communities.
b. Traditional indigenous gender patterns remained unchallenged by Americans.
c. Native American men became mediators in the postwar period.
d. The number of Native American towns increased in the postwar period.

Native American men became mediators in the postwar period.

Explanation:
Women had traditionally been mediators within their communities, which brought them political authority. However, Native American men acted as mediators with the federal government after the Revolution in order to satisfy European American patriarchal expectations.

How did colonial society change during the eighteenth century as a result of the Enlightenment and the First Great Awakening?

a. These movements caused colonists to question the gender system in place.
b. These movement led colonists to believe that social progress was not attainable.
c. They made colonists value communities instead of the individual.
d. They led people to question the legitimacy of British authority.

They led people to question the legitimacy of British authority.

Explanation:
The Enlightenment and the First Great Awakening encouraged colonists to reject the status quo. Colonists believed that individuals had rights, which caused them to reject British control in the colonies.

Why did the number of women who escaped slavery increase dramatically during the Revolution?

a. The violence and confusion caused by the Revolution made escape easier.
b. With the promise of British protection, more enslaved women with children were willing to take the risk and attempt escape.
c. The poor conditions left them no choice but to attempt escape.
d. Patriot slaveowners were more concerned with wartime problems than with controlling their slaves.

With the promise of British protection, more enslaved women with children were willing to take the risk and attempt escape.

Explanation:
Prior to the Revolution, escaped slaves would have to either leave their families or find a way to support them without being recaptured. During the Revolution, the British promised protection for escaped slaves, so slave women concluded that escaping with their families would be more feasible.

How did Americans' views on women's education change after the Revolution?

a. Americans supported keeping women from becoming literate to keep them dependent on men.
b. Americans endorsed educating women about fashion to compete with Europe's refinement.
c. Americans thought that women should receive an elite education beyond the domestic sphere.
d. Americans believed women should be taught information necessary to raise good citizens.

Americans believed women should be taught information necessary to raise good citizens.

Explanation:
Americans did not believe women should receive educations beyond the domestic sphere. Women were supposed to learn the skills necessary to be a good wife and raise good republican citizens.

How did the American Revolution affect Quakers in British North America?

a. It led Quakers to disregard the well-being of patriots.
b. As a result of the Revolution, Quakers struggled with their political identity.
c. It led Quakers to disregard the well-being of loyalists.
d. The Revolution caused Quakers to abandon a tenet of their faith, pacifism.

As a result of the Revolution, Quakers struggled with their political identity.

Explanation:
Quakers were conflicted about participating in the American Revolution due to their belief in pacifism. Even when Quakers identified with a particular side, people like Margaret Morris still wanted to protect people on both sides of the conflict.

How did Native American groups decide who to support in the American Revolution?

a. They sided with whichever group offered the most financial compensation.
b. They chose who to side with based on territory concerns.
c. They chose to side with the group that they thought was the most democratic and egalitarian.
d. They sided with groups who previously took their territory so they could get it back as compensation.

They chose who to side with based on territory concerns.

Explanation:
Native Americans often took into consideration which side had been more respectful of their land claims when deciding who to side with in the Revolution.

Which of the following was characteristic of evangelical revivals in the early republic?

a. They allowed women to create unofficial, informal religious groups.
b. Most new religious communities that formed during the evangelical revivals allowed women to serve in official capacities within the church.
c. They discouraged women from participating in testimonials.
d. They discouraged women from converting people to their faith.

They allowed women to create unofficial, informal religious groups.

Explanation:
Evangelical revivals encouraged women to participate in religious activities. However, this was typically limited to unofficial roles within the church and to leadership positions in informal religious groups.

Which of the following was characteristic of slaves running away from their masters during the Revolution?

a. Most slaves who planned to join the loyalist cause asked the British military to come to them.
b. Slaves who went to British lines ran away in groups.
c. Women ran away in lower numbers than before the war.
d. Male slaves were a lower proportion of runaways.

Slaves who went to British lines ran away in groups.

Explanation:
Slaves who ran from southern slaveholders and to British lines did so in groups. Often, the people in these groups were family members, including women and children.

Which of the following characterized the American government's assimilation policies for Native Americans after the American Revolution?

a. It encouraged Native American women to become farmers.
b. It encouraged Native American men to serve as the head of the family.
c. It encouraged Native American women to serve as intermediaries.
d. It encouraged Native American men to continue hunting.

It encouraged Native American men to serve as the head of the family.

How did free black women affect their communities at the beginning of the nineteenth century?

a. They helped integrate free blacks into white churches.
b. They helped build black institutions.
c. They neglected their families to work.
d. They cared for their families, rejecting the workforce.

They helped build black institutions.

How did the American Revolution affect white women in America in the decades after the war?

a. The war gave financial support to poor women, which prevented them from having to seek employment.
b. The war helped many women to become wealthy as they claimed their husbands' back pay.
c. The war led to debates about women's roles and their rights in American society.
d. The war empowered white Tory women by allowing them to reclaim seized property.

The war led to debates about women's roles and their rights in American society.

How did Americans' views on women's education change after the Revolution?

a. Americans supported keeping women from becoming literate to keep them dependent on men.
b. Americans endorsed educating women about fashion to compete with Europe's refinement.
c. Americans thought that women should receive an elite education beyond the domestic sphere.
d. Americans believed women should be taught information necessary to raise good citizens.

Americans believed women should be taught information necessary to raise good citizens.

How did evangelical revivals affect black and white women in the early republic?

a. They discouraged women from creating informal religious groups.
b. They emphasized women's sexuality and femaleness.
c. They emphasized women's role as subservient to men.
d. They gave women ways to express themselves in society.

They gave women ways to express themselves in society.

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